As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 14, 2023

 

Registration No. 333-

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM F-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

ALVOTECH

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

 

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg		98-1629342
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Société Anonyme
(Public Limited Company)

 

9, Rue de Bitbourg,
L-1273 Luxembourg,
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
R.C.S. Luxembourg : B258884
Tel: +354 422 4500

 

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Joel Morales
Chief Executive Officer
Alvotech USA Inc.
1201 Wilson Blvd., Ste. 2130
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Tel: (703) 859-6815

 

(Name, address, and telephone number of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

Michal Berkner, Esq.
Nicolas H.R. Dumont, Esq.
Katie Kazem, Esq.
Cooley (UK) LLP
22 Bishopsgate
London EC2N 4BQ
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7583 4055
Fax: +44 (0) 20 7785 9355

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effectiveness of this registration statement.

 

If only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  o

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o

 

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.C. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  o

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.C. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Emerging growth company ☒

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  o

 

†

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling securityholders may not sell these securities until the post-effective amendment to the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 14, 2023.

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

Up to 3,664,580 Ordinary Shares Offered by Selling Securityholders

 

This prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus (collectively, the “Selling Securityholders”), or their permitted transferees, of up to 3,664,580 of our ordinary shares, $0.01 nominal value, (“Ordinary Shares”) that may be issued upon the exercise of warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $0.01 per share (the “Bondholder Warrants”).

 

On November 16, 2022, we and the bondholders amended and restated certain terms and conditions of existing senior bonds and issued new senior bonds in an aggregate principal amount equal to $70,000,000 (the “Senior Bonds”). Pursuant to the terms of the amended Senior Bonds, we issued 3,664,580 Bondholder Warrants to the bondholders on December 31, 2022. Each Bondholder Warrant entitles the bondholders, upon exercise, to receive from us one fully paid and non-assessable Ordinary Share, at the exercise price of $0.01 per share.

 

We could potentially receive proceeds of up to $36,645.80 from the exercise of the Bondholder Warrants. As the exercise price of our Bondholder Warrants is $0.01 per warrant, we believe holders of our Bondholder Warrants will be likely to exercise their Warrants.

 

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus. However, we will pay the expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders in disposing of the securities, associated with the sale of Ordinary Shares pursuant to this prospectus.

 

Our registration of the Ordinary Shares covered by this prospectus does not mean that the Selling Securityholders will offer or sell any of the Ordinary Shares. The Selling Securityholders may offer and sell the Ordinary Shares covered by this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. We provide more information about how the Selling Securityholders may sell the Ordinary Shares in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Our Ordinary Shares are listed on The Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) and the Nasdaq Main Market in Iceland (“Nasdaq Iceland Main Market”) under the symbol “ALVO.” On July 12, 2023, the closing price of our Ordinary Shares was $8.47. The Bondholder Warrants are not listed.

 

We are a “foreign private issuer” under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules and an “emerging growth company” as that term is defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) and are eligible for reduced public company disclosure requirements.

 

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement or amendment carefully before you invest in our securities.

 

INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 5 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY RISK FACTORS DESCRIBED IN ANY APPLICABLE

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND IN OUR SEC FILINGS THAT ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS.

 

Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The date of this prospectus is July 14, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS	ii
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	1
THE OFFERING	4
RISK FACTORS	5
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	6
USE OF PROCEEDS	8
DIVIDEND POLICY	9
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION	10
SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS	26
MATERIAL LUXEMBOURG INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS	30
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS	35
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION	40
EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING	44
SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES UNDER U.S. SECURITIES LAWS	45
LEGAL MATTERS	47
EXPERTS	47
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	48
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE	48

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any amendment or supplement to this prospectus, including information incorporated herein or therein, or any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. Any amendment or supplement may also add, update or change information included in this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such amendment or supplement modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference.”

 

Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders take responsibility for, nor can we provide assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may provide.

 

The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus or such other date stated in this prospectus, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described in this prospectus, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to in this prospectus have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

Neither we nor the Selling Securityholders are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. Except as otherwise set forth in this prospectus, neither we nor the Selling Securityholders have taken any action to permit a public offering of these securities outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of these securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, including the matters addressed under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” you should carefully consider the risk factors described in our periodic reports filed with the SEC, including those set forth under the caption “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as such discussion may be updated and amended from time to time in subsequent filings we may make with the SEC. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, revenue, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects, in which event the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are not presently aware or that we currently deem immaterial could also affect our business operations and financial condition.

 

Sales of Ordinary Shares, or the perception of such sales, by us or the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus in the public market or otherwise could cause the market price for our Ordinary Shares to decline and the Selling Securityholders still may receive significant proceeds.

 

The sale of Ordinary Shares in the public market or otherwise, including sales pursuant to this prospectus, or the perception that such sales could occur, could harm the prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares. Such sales, the perception that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for Alvotech to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that it deems appropriate. Sales or resales of a substantial number of Ordinary Shares in the public market could occur at any time and may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if Alvotech’s business is doing well.

 

The Ordinary Shares being offered for resale pursuant to this prospectus by the Selling Securityholders represent approximately 1.4% of Alvotech’s outstanding shares as of June 30, 2023 (after giving effect to the issuance of shares upon exercise of outstanding Bondholder Warrants). The sale of shares by the Selling Securityholders, or the perception in the market that the Selling Securityholders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could increase the volatility of the market price of Ordinary Shares or result in a significant decline in the public trading price of Ordinary Shares.

 

Regardless of the trading price of our Ordinary Shares, the Selling Securityholders may still have an incentive to sell Ordinary Shares because they obtained the shares at the exercise price of $0.01 per share, which is significantly lower than the trading price of Ordinary Shares. For example, based on the closing price of our Ordinary Shares of $8.47 as of July 12, 2023, the Selling Shareholders would experience a potential profit of up to approximately $8.46 per share, assuming the exercise and sale of all of the Bondholder Warrants. Public investors may not experience a similar rate of return on the securities they purchase due to differences in the purchase prices and the current trading price.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. You should not place undue reliance on such statements because they are subject to numerous uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategy. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “could,” “may,” “would,” “should,” “intend,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “will,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “positioned,” “strategy,” “outlook,” “continue,” “possible,” “might” and similar expressions. All such forward-looking statements involve estimates and assumptions that are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in the statements. Among the key factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements are the following:

 

·

development and projections relating to our competitors and industry, including the estimated growth of the industry;

 

·

the timing of, and our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval for our product candidates from the FDA, European Commission and comparable national or regional authorities;

 

·

the timing of the announcement of clinical study results, the commencement of patient studies, regulatory applications, approvals and market launches;

 

·

our expectations regarding regulatory review and interactions, including the timing and results of the facility inspection by the FDA or other foreign regulatory authorities;

 

·

our financial performance;

 

·

changes in our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans;

 

·

our strategic advantages and the impact those advantages will have on future financial and operational results;

 

·

our expansion plans and opportunities;

 

·

our ability to grow our business in a cost-effective manner;

 

·

the implementation, market acceptance and success of our business model;

 

·

developments and projections relating to our competitors and industry, including the estimated growth of the industry;

 

·

our approach and goals with respect to technology;

 

·

our expectations regarding our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection and not infringe on the rights of others;

 

·

changes in applicable laws or regulations;

 

·

the outcome of any known and unknown litigation and regulatory proceedings;

 

·

our ability to maintain the listing of Ordinary Shares on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and Nasdaq Iceland Main Market;

·

our ability to comply with all applicable laws and regulations;

 

·

our ability to successfully launch our products in certain markets after obtaining regulatory approval for such market;

 

·

our estimates of expenses and profitability;

 

·

our expected cash runway and our ability to raise additional adequate funds through equity or debt financing;

 

·

our ability to identify and successfully develop new product candidates;

 

·

our relationship with third party providers for clinical and non-clinical studies, supplies, and manufacturing of our products;

 

·

our ability to manage our manufacturing risks;

 

·

the impact of worsening or unpredictable macroeconomic conditions, including rising inflation, interest rates and cost of energy, and general market conditions, war in Ukraine and global geopolitical tension, and public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 pandemic, on the business, financial position, strategy and anticipated milestones; and

 

·

our relationship with partners for the commercialization of our product candidates.

 

These and other factors are more fully discussed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022, as such discussion may be updated and amended from time to time in subsequent filings we may make with the SEC, and in other documents that we may file with the SEC, all of which you should review carefully. These risks could cause actual results to differ materially from those implied by forward-looking statements in this prospectus. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of these risks as you read this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, and any applicable prospectus supplement.

 

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they are based on the information currently available to us and speak only as of the date on the cover of this prospectus, the date of any prospectus supplement, or, in the case of forward-looking statements incorporated by reference, the date of the filing that includes the statement. New risks and uncertainties come up from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict these events or how they may affect us. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these risks and uncertainties, you should keep in mind that any event described in a forward-looking statement made in this prospectus or elsewhere might not occur.

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We could potentially receive up to an aggregate of $36,645.80 if all the Bondholder Warrants are exercised. We expect to use the net proceeds from the exercise of the Bondholder Warrants for general corporate purposes. The exercise price of the Bondholder Warrants is $0.01 per warrant. We believe the likelihood that the Bondholder Warrants will be exercised, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is high.

 

All Ordinary Shares offered by the Selling Securityholders pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Securityholders for their respective amounts. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales.

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

From the annual net profits of Alvotech, at least 5% shall each year be allocated to the reserve required by applicable laws (the “Legal Reserve”). That allocation to the Legal Reserve will cease to be required as soon and as long as the Legal Reserve amounts to 10% of the amount of the share capital of Alvotech. The legal reserve is not available for distribution.

 

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business and product candidates.

 

In accordance with the Luxembourg law of August 10, 1915, on commercial companies, as amended (“Luxembourg Company Law”), the general meeting of shareholders, by a simple majority vote and based on the recommendation of our board of directors, shall resolve how the remainder of the annual net profits, after allocation to the Legal Reserve, will be disposed of by allocating the whole or part of the remainder to a reserve or to a provision, by carrying it forward to the next following financial year or by distributing it, together with carried forward profits, distributable reserves or share premium to the shareholders, each Ordinary Share entitling to the same proportion in such distributions.

 

The board of directors may resolve that Alvotech pays out an interim dividend to the shareholders, subject to the conditions of article 461-3 of the Luxembourg Company Law and Alvotech’s articles of association. The board of directors shall set the amount and the date of payment of the interim dividend.

 

Any share premium, assimilated premium or other distributable reserve may be freely distributed to the shareholders subject to the provisions of the Luxembourg Company Law and Alvotech’s articles of association.

 

Distributions may be lawfully declared and paid only if our net profits and/or distributable reserves are sufficient under Luxembourg Company Law.

 

Thus, in case of a dividend payment, each shareholder is entitled to receive a dividend right pro rata according to his or her respective shareholding. The dividend entitlement lapses upon the expiration of a five-year prescription period from the date of the dividend distribution. The unclaimed dividends return to Alvotech’s accounts. However, Alvotech does not anticipate paying cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future.

 

A Luxembourg withholding tax of 15% is generally due on dividends and similar distributions made by us to our shareholders, unless a reduced treaty rate or the participation exemption applies. No withholding tax is levied on capital gains and liquidation proceeds.

 

There is no law, governmental decree or regulation in Luxembourg that would affect the remittance of dividends or other distributions by us to non-resident holders of our Ordinary Shares, other than withholding tax requirements. In certain limited circumstances, the implementation and administration of international financial sanctions may affect the remittance of dividends or other distributions. There are no specified procedures for non-resident holders to claim dividends or other distributions.

 

We are a holding company and have no material assets other than our ownership of shares in our subsidiaries. To the extent we pay a dividend or other distribution on our Ordinary Shares in the future, we will generally cause our operating subsidiaries to make distributions to us in an amount sufficient to cover any such dividends or distributions. Our subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions to us is subject to their capacity to generate sufficient earnings and cash flow, and may also be affected by statutory accounting and tax rules.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

 

General

 

Alvotech was incorporated on August 23, 2021 by Floki Holdings S.à r.l., an affiliate of Alvotech Holdings, with an initial share capital of $40,000, represented by 4,000,000 initial shares with a nominal value of $0.01 per share. Prior to consummation of the Business Combination, Alvotech’s issued share capital equaled $40,000, represented by 4,000,000 initial shares with a nominal value of $0.01 per share. All issued shares were fully paid and subscribed for.

 

Immediately after the effectiveness of the first merger and the redemption in the process of the Business Combination, the legal form of Alvotech changed from a simplified joint stock company (société par actions simplifiée) to a public limited liability company (société anonyme) under Luxembourg law.

 

We are registered with the Luxembourg Trade and Companies Register (Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés, Luxembourg) under number B258884. Our registered office is at 9, Rue de Bitbourg, L-1273 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

 

Ordinary Shares

 

Share Capital

 

As of June 30, 2023, Alvotech had 265,529,722 Ordinary Shares with a nominal value of $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding. All issued Ordinary Shares are fully paid and subscribed for. In addition, Alvotech Manco ehf. held 24,197,740 Ordinary Shares, the voting and dividend rights of which are suspended.

 

The authorized capital of Alvotech (excluding the issued share capital) is set at $59,364,290.43 , divided into 5,936,429,043 Ordinary Shares with a nominal value of $0.01 each.

 

A shareholder in a Luxembourg société anonyme holding fully paid-up shares is not liable, solely because of his, her or its shareholder status, for additional payments to Alvotech or its creditors.

 

Reconciliation of the Number of Ordinary Shares Outstanding through June 30, 2023

 

In connection with Alvotech’s initial formation on August 23, 2021, Alvotech issued 4,000,000 initial shares with a nominal value of $0.01 per share to Floki Holdings S.à r.l., an affiliate of Alvotech.

 

On June 15, 2022, after the Closing of the Business Combination, Alvotech’s issued share capital equaled $2,486,495.05, represented by 248,649,505 Ordinary Shares with a nominal value of $0.01 per share, including 17,493,000 Ordinary Shares to the Subscribers in the PIPE Financing at a price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate offering price of $174,930,000.

 

On July 12, 2022, Alvotech issued 5,000,000 Ordinary Shares to Aztiq and Alvogen pursuant to the Alvogen-Aztiq Loan Advance Conversion. The shares were issued at a price of $10.00 per share and set-off against repayment of an aggregate of $50.0 million of outstanding loans.

 

On November 16, 2022, Alvotech amended and restated certain terms and conditions of the existing senior bonds and issued new senior bonds in the aggregate principal amount equal to $70.0 million. Pursuant to the terms of the amended Senior Bonds, Alvotech was required to use commercially reasonable efforts to raise new funding through the issuance of additional Ordinary Shares and/or unsecured convertible bonds, for net proceeds of at least $75.0 million by December 15, 2022, and $150.0 million by March 31, 2023.

 

Since Alvotech had not raised $75.0 million by December 15, 2022, Alvotech issued 4,198,807 warrants to the bondholders on December 31, 2022. Each new warrant entitles the bondholders, upon exercise, to receive from Alvotech one Ordinary Share, at the exercise price of one cent ($0.01) per share. As of June 30, 2023, 2,479,962 of the warrants were exercised and 1,718,845 remain outstanding. Further, Alvotech was required to raise at least $150.0

million by March 31, 2023 or to grant penny warrants representing 1.0% of the ordinary share capital to the bondholders if it failed to raise that amount. Following the issuance of the December 2022 Convertible Bonds and the closing of the private placement of Ordinary Shares for gross proceeds of $137.0 million on February 10, 2023 (as described below), Alvotech was not obligated to issue the additional 1.0% warrants to the bondholders.

 

On November 16, 2022, Alvotech issued the Aztiq Convertible Bond to ATP Holdings ehf. for the acquisition of the Alvotech manufacturing facility. The Aztiq Convertible Bond has a principal amount of $80.0 million and carries an interest rate of 12.5% per annum. Interest payable in six-month intervals and is capitalized and added to the outstanding principal amount of the bonds. The maturity date of the convertible bond is the later of the (i) November 16, 2025, or (ii) 91 days after the earlier of the full redemption or the final maturity date of the Senior Bonds. Bondholders have the right to convert their outstanding bonds into Ordinary Shares of Alvotech on December 31, 2023, June 30, 2024, or when the bond has been called or put up for redemption, including on the maturity date, for a conversion price of $10.00 per share.

 

On December 20, 2022, Alvotech issued two tranches of the December 2022 Convertible Bonds. Tranche A is ISK denominated with a principal balance of $59.1 million, of which $3.5 million in cash proceeds were received subsequent to December 31, 2022, and carries an annual payment-in-kind interest rate of 15% per year. Tranche B is USD denominated with a principal balance of $0.6 million and carries an annual payment-in-kind interest rate of 12.5% per year. Holders of both the Tranche A and Tranche B convertible bonds, may elect, at their sole discretion, to convert all or part of the principal amount and accrued interest into Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of $10.00 per share on December 31, 2023, or June 30, 2024. On January 25, 2023, Alvotech issued an additional $10.0 million in the Tranche B December 2022 Convertible Bonds.

 

On February 10, 2023, Alvotech closed a private placement of 11,834,061 Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $11.57 per Ordinary Share for proceeds of $137.0 million and transaction costs of $4.8 million. The offer or sale of Ordinary Shares was made in an overseas directed offering directed solely into Iceland and in accordance with local laws and customary practices and documentation.

 

On July 4, 2022, Alvotech issued 27,072,167 Ordinary Shares subscribed to by Alvotech’s affiliate, Alvotech Manco ehf. On March 28, 2023, Alvotech issued an additional 14,005,790 to Alvotech Manco ehf. These shares issued to Alvotech Manco ehf are mainly used to settle the exercise of warrants, capital increases such as the ones mentioned above, and grants under Alvotech’s equity incentive plan. As of June 30, 2023, Alvotech Manco ehf. holds 24,197,740 Ordinary Shares.

 

Share Issuances

 

Pursuant to Luxembourg law, the issuance of ordinary shares requires approval by the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders in front of a notary subject to necessary quorum and majority requirements. The extraordinary general meeting of shareholders may approve an authorized capital and authorize the board of directors to increase the issued share capital in one or several tranches with or without share premium, against payment in cash or in kind, by conversion of claims on Alvotech or in any other manner for any reason whatsoever including (i) issue subscription and/or conversion rights in relation to new shares or instruments within the limits of the authorized capital under the terms and conditions of warrants (which may be separate or linked to shares, bonds, notes or similar instruments issued by Alvotech), convertible bonds, notes or similar instruments; (ii) determine the place and date of the issue or successive issues, the issue price, the terms and conditions of the subscription of and paying up on the new shares and instruments and (iii) remove or limit the statutory preferential subscription right of the shareholders in case of issue against payment in cash or shares, warrants (which may be separate or attached to shares, bonds, notes or similar instruments), convertible bonds, notes or similar instruments up to the maximum amount of such authorized capital for a maximum period of five years after the date that the minutes of the relevant general meeting approving such authorization are published in the Luxembourg official gazette (Recueil Electronique des Sociétés et Associations, “RESA”). The extraordinary general meeting may amend, renew, or extend such authorized capital and such authorization to the board of directors to issue ordinary shares.

 

In addition, the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders may authorize the board of directors to make an allotment of existing or newly issued shares without consideration to (a) employees of Alvotech or certain categories amongst those; (b) employees of companies or economic interest grouping in which Alvotech holds directly or

indirectly at least 10% of the share capital or voting rights; (c) employees of companies or economic interest grouping which directly or indirectly hold at least 10% of the share capital or voting rights of Alvotech; (d) employees of companies or economic interest grouping in which at least 50% of the share capital or voting rights is held directly or indirectly by a company which holds directly or indirectly at least 50% of the share capital of Alvotech; (e) members of the corporate bodies of Alvotech or of the companies or economic interest grouping listed in point (b) to (d) above or certain categories amongst those, for a maximum period of five years after the date that the minutes of the relevant general meeting approving such authorization are published in the RESA.

 

Alvotech recognizes only one holder per ordinary share. In case an ordinary share is owned by several persons, they shall appoint a single representative who shall represent them in respect of Alvotech. Alvotech has the right to suspend the exercise of all rights attached to that share, except for relevant information rights, until such representative has been appointed.

 

Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the board of directors resolved on the issuance of Ordinary Shares out of the authorized capital (capital autorisé) in accordance with the quorum and voting thresholds set forth in the articles of association and applicable law to the Subscribers in the PIPE Financing.

 

The board of directors also resolves on the applicable procedures and timelines to which such issuance will be subjected. If the proposal of the board of directors to issue new Ordinary Shares exceeds the limits of Alvotech’s authorized share capital, the board of directors must then convene the shareholders to an extraordinary general meeting to be held in front of a Luxembourg notary for the purpose of increasing the issued share capital. Such meeting will be subject to the quorum and majority requirements required for amending the articles of association. If the capital call proposed by the board of directors consists of an increase in the shareholders’ commitments, the board of directors must convene the shareholders to an extraordinary general meeting to be held in front of a Luxembourg notary for such purpose. Such meeting will be subject to the unanimous consent of the shareholders.

 

Preferential Rights

 

Under Luxembourg law, existing shareholders benefit from a preferential subscription right on the issuance of ordinary shares for cash consideration. However, Alvotech’s shareholders have, in accordance with Luxembourg law, authorized the board of directors to suppress, waive, or limit any preferential subscription rights of shareholders provided by law to the extent that the board of directors deems such suppression, waiver, or limitation advisable for any issuance or issuances of ordinary shares within the scope of Alvotech’s authorized share capital. The general meeting of shareholders duly convened to consider an amendment to the articles of association also may, by a two-thirds majority vote at a quorate meeting, limit, waive, or cancel such preferential subscription rights or renew, amend, or extend the authorization of the board of directors to suppress, waive, or limit such preferential subscription rights, in each case for a period not to exceed five years. Such ordinary shares may be issued above, at, or below market value, and, following a certain procedure, even below the nominal value or below the accounting par value per ordinary share. The ordinary shares also may be issued by way of incorporation of available reserves, including share premium.

 

Share Repurchases

 

Alvotech cannot subscribe for its own ordinary shares. Alvotech may, however, repurchase issued ordinary shares or have another person repurchase issued ordinary shares for its account, generally subject to the following conditions and the respect of the principle of equal treatment of shareholders being in the same situation and applicable securities laws:

 

·

prior authorization by a simple majority vote at an ordinary general meeting of shareholders, which authorization sets forth:

 

·

the terms and conditions of the proposed repurchase and in particular the maximum number of ordinary shares to be repurchased;

 

·

the duration of the period for which the authorization is given, which may not exceed five years; and

·

in the case of repurchase for consideration, the minimum and maximum consideration per share, provided that the prior authorization shall not apply in the case of ordinary shares acquired by either Alvotech, or by a person acting in his or her own name on its behalf, for the distribution thereof to its staff or to the staff of a company with which it is in a control relationship;

 

·

only fully paid-up ordinary shares may be repurchased; and

 

·

the voting and dividend rights attached to the repurchased shares will be suspended as long as the repurchased ordinary shares are held by Alvotech; and the acquisition offer must be made on the same terms and conditions to all the shareholders who are in the same position, except for acquisitions which were unanimously decided by a general meeting at which all the shareholders were present or represented. However, listed companies like us may repurchase their own shares on the stock exchange without an acquisition offer having to be made to Alvotech’s shareholders.

 

The authorization will be valid for a period ending on the earlier of five years from the date of such shareholder authorization and the date of its renewal by a subsequent general meeting of shareholders. Pursuant to such authorization, the board of directors is authorized to acquire ordinary shares under the conditions set forth in article 430-15 of the Luxembourg Company law. Such purchases and subsequent sales may be carried out for any authorized purpose or any purpose that is authorized by the laws and regulations in force. The purchase price per ordinary share to be determined by the board of directors or its delegate shall represent not more than the fair market value of such ordinary share.

 

In addition, pursuant to Luxembourg law, Alvotech may directly or indirectly repurchase ordinary shares by resolution of its board of directors without the prior approval of the general meeting of shareholders if such repurchase is deemed by the board of directors to be necessary to prevent serious and imminent harm to Alvotech in accordance with article 430-15(2) of the Luxembourg Company Law, or if the acquisition of ordinary shares has been made with the intent of distribution to its employees and/or the employees of any entity having a controlling relationship with it (i.e., its subsidiaries or controlling shareholder) in accordance with article 430-15(3) of the Luxembourg Company Law or in any of the circumstances listed in article 430-16 of the Luxembourg Company Law.

 

Meetings

 

Ordinary General Meeting

 

At an ordinary general meeting, there is no quorum requirement and resolutions are adopted by a simple majority of validly cast votes. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

 

Extraordinary General Meeting

 

Resolutions adopted at an extraordinary general meeting are required for any of the following matters, among others: (i) an increase or decrease of the authorized or issued capital, (ii) a limitation or exclusion of preferential subscription rights, (iii) approval of a statutory merger or de-merger (scission), (iv) Alvotech’s dissolution and liquidation, (v) any and all amendments to Alvotech’s articles of association and (vi) change of nationality. Pursuant to Alvotech’s articles of association, for any resolutions to be considered at an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, the quorum shall be at least one half of Alvotech’s issued share capital unless otherwise mandatorily required by law. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened, for which Luxembourg Company Law does not prescribe a quorum. Any resolution taken at an extraordinary general meeting shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting, except otherwise provided by law, by at least a two-thirds majority of the votes cast on such resolution by shareholders. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

 

Annual Shareholders Meetings

 

An annual general meeting of shareholders shall in principle be held in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg within 6 months of the end of the preceding financial year. Alvotech’s first financial year ended on December 31, 2021.

Dividends

 

From the annual net profits of Alvotech, at least 5% shall each year be allocated to the reserve required by applicable laws (the “Legal Reserve”). That allocation to the Legal Reserve will cease to be required as soon and as long as the Legal Reserve amounts to 10% of the amount of the issued share capital of Alvotech. The general meeting of shareholders shall resolve how the remainder of the annual net profits, after allocation to the Legal Reserve, will be disposed of by allocating the whole or part of the remainder to a reserve or to a provision, by carrying it forward to the next following financial year or by distributing it, each Ordinary Share entitling to the same proportion in such distributions.

 

The board of directors may resolve that Alvotech pays out an interim dividend to the shareholders, subject to the conditions of article 461-3 of the Luxembourg Company Law and Alvotech’s articles of association. The board of directors shall set the amount and the date of payment of the interim dividend.

 

Any share premium assimilated premium or other distributable reserve may be freely distributed to the shareholders subject to the provisions of the Luxembourg Company Law and Alvotech’s articles of association. In case of a dividend payment, each shareholder is entitled to receive a dividend right pro rata according to his or her respective shareholding. The dividend entitlement lapses upon the expiration of a five-year prescription period from the date of the dividend distribution. The unclaimed dividends return to Alvotech’s accounts.

 

Key Provisions of Our Articles of Association

 

The following is a summary of certain key provisions of our articles of association not discussed elsewhere in this section. Please note that this is only a summary and is not intended to be exhaustive.

 

Object and Purpose (Article 2)

 

The purpose of Alvotech is the holding of participations in any form whatsoever in Luxembourg and foreign companies and in any other form of investment, the acquisition by purchase, subscription or in any other manner as well as the transfer by sale, exchange or otherwise of securities of any kind and the administration, management, control and development of its portfolio. Alvotech may grant loans to, as well as guarantees or security for the benefit of third parties to secure its obligations and obligations of other companies in which it holds a direct or indirect participation or right of any kind or which form part of the same group of companies as Alvotech, or otherwise assist such companies. Alvotech may raise funds through borrowing in any form or by issuing any kind of notes, securities or debt instruments, bonds and debentures and generally issue securities of any type. The Company may carry out any commercial, industrial, financial, real estate or intellectual property activities which it considers useful for the accomplishment of these purposes.

 

Quorum, Majority and Voting rights (Article 11)

 

Each Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to one vote. Neither Luxembourg law nor Alvotech’s articles of association contain any restrictions as to the voting of Ordinary Shares by non-Luxembourg residents. The Luxembourg Company Law distinguishes ordinary general meetings of shareholders and extraordinary general meetings of shareholders with respect to the required quorums and majorities.

 

Except as otherwise required by the Luxembourg Company Law or these articles of association, resolutions at a general meeting of shareholders duly convened shall not require any quorum and shall be adopted at a simple majority of the votes validly cast regardless of the portion of capital represented. Abstentions and nil votes shall not be taken into account.

 

Amendment to Articles of Associations (Article 12)

 

Under Luxembourg law, amendments to Alvotech’s articles of association require an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held in front of a Luxembourg notary at which (i) a quorum of more than half (50%) of the share capital is present or represented and (ii) the amendment(s) is approved by a two thirds majority of the votes validly

cast. If the aforementioned quorum is not reached, a second meeting may be convened by means of a notice published in the RESA and in a Luxembourg newspaper. The second meeting shall be validly constituted regardless of the proportion of the share capital present or represented and resolutions at such second meeting will be adopted by a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders (unless otherwise required by Luxembourg law or the articles of association). Where different classes of shares exist and the resolution to be adopted by the general meeting of shareholders changes the respective rights attaching to such shares, the resolution will be adopted only if the conditions as to quorum and majorities set out above are fulfilled with respect to each class of shares.

 

Alvotech’s articles of association and the Luxembourg Company Law provide that for any extraordinary resolutions to be considered at a general meeting, the quorum shall be at least one-half of Alvotech’s issued share capital. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened at which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Any extraordinary resolution shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting (save as otherwise provided by mandatory law) by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast on such resolution by shareholders. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”

 

Exchange Controls

 

There are no governmental laws, decrees, regulations or other legislation in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg that may affect the import or export of capital, including the availability of cash and cash equivalents for use by us, or that may affect the remittance of dividends, interest, or other payments by us to non-resident holders of our Ordinary Shares, other than withholding tax requirements. There is no limitation imposed by the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or in the articles of association on the right of non-residents to hold or vote shares.

 

Registrar and Transfer Agent

 

The registrar and transfer agent for the Shares is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

 

Stock Exchange Listing

 

Our Ordinary Shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq under the symbols “ALVO”. Our Ordinary Shares are also listed on the Nasdaq Iceland Main Market under the ticker symbol “ALVO.”

 

Comparison of Luxembourg Corporate Law and Delaware Corporate Law

 

		Delaware		Luxembourg
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN		Under the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation of a corporation may give the board of directors the right to issue new classes of preferred shares with voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights to be determined by the board of directors at the time of issuance, which could prevent a takeover attempt and thereby preclude stockholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.   In addition, Delaware law does not prohibit a corporation from adopting a stockholder rights plan, or “poison pill,” which could prevent a takeover attempt and also preclude stockholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.		Pursuant to Luxembourg law, the shareholders may create an authorized share capital which allows the board of directors to increase the issued share capital for a price defined by the board of directors of Alvotech (which may or may not include an issue premium) against payment in cash or in kind, including by conversion of claims on Alvotech for any reason whatsoever including (i) issue subscription and/or conversion rights in relation to new shares or instruments within the limits of the authorized capital under the terms and conditions of warrants (which may be separate or linked to shares, bonds, notes or similar instruments issued by Alvotech), convertible bonds, notes or similar instruments; (ii) determine the place and date of the issuance or successive issuances, the issue price, the terms and conditions of the issuance of and paying up on the new shares and instruments and (iii)

				remove or limit the statutory preferential subscription right of the shareholders in case of issue against payment in cash or shares, warrants (which may be separate or attached to shares, bonds, notes or similar instruments), convertible bonds, notes or similar instruments within the limits of such authorized share capital. The board of directors may be further authorized to, under certain conditions, limit, restrict, or waive preferential subscription rights of existing shareholders when issuing new shares within the authorized share capital. The rights attached to the new shares issued within the authorized share capital will be equal to those attached to existing shares and set forth in the articles of association.   The authorization to the board of directors to issue additional shares or other instruments as described above within the authorized share capital (and to limit, restrict, or waive, as the case may be preferential subscription rights) as well as the authorization to allot shares without consideration may be valid for a period of up to five years, starting from either the date of the minutes of the extraordinary general meeting resolving upon such authorization or starting from the date of the publication of the minutes of the extraordinary general meeting resolving upon such authorization in the Luxembourg official electronic gazette (RESA). The authorization may be renewed, increased or reduced by a resolution of the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders, with the quorum and majority rules set for the amendment of the articles of association.   Alvotech’s articles of association authorize its board of directors to issue Ordinary Shares within the limits of the authorized share capital at such times and on such terms as the board of directors or its delegates may decide for a period ending five years after the date of the creation of the authorized share capital or its publication date unless such period is extended, amended or renewed. Accordingly, the board of directors is authorized to issue Ordinary Shares up to the limits of authorized share capital until such date. Alvotech currently intends to seek renewals and/or extensions as required from time to time.
APPRAISAL RIGHTS		Under the DGCL, a stockholder of a corporation participating in some types of major corporate transactions may, under varying circumstances, be entitled to appraisal rights pursuant to which the stockholder may		Neither Luxembourg law nor Alvotech’s articles of association provide for appraisal rights.

		receive cash in the amount of the fair market value of his or her shares in lieu of the consideration he or she would otherwise receive in the transaction.
SHAREHOLDER CONSENT TO ACTION WITHOUT MEETING		Under the DGCL, unless otherwise provided in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, any action that may be taken at a meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if the holders of outstanding stock, having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize such action, consent in writing.		A shareholder meeting must always be called if the matter to be considered requires a shareholder resolution under Luxembourg law or Alvotech’s articles of association.   Pursuant to Luxembourg law, shareholders of a public limited liability company may not take actions by written consent. All shareholder actions must be approved at an actual meeting of shareholders held before a notary public or under private seal, depending on the nature of the matter. Shareholders may vote in person, by proxy or, if the articles of association provide for that possibility, by correspondence.   The articles of association of Alvotech provide for the possibility of vote by correspondence, via proxy, and conference or videoconference call (to the extent made available by Alvotech).
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS		Under the DGCL, a special meeting of stockholders may be called by the board of directors or by any other person authorized to do so in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws.   Under the DGCL, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws can specify the number of shares that constitute the quorum required to conduct business at a meeting, provided that in no event shall a quorum consist of less than one-third of the shares entitled to vote at a meeting.		Pursuant to Luxembourg law, at least one general meeting of shareholders must be held each year, within six months as from the close of the financial year. The purpose of such annual general meeting is to approve the annual accounts, allocate the results, proceed to statutory appointments and resolve on the discharge of the directors.   Other general meetings of shareholders may be convened.   Luxembourg law distinguishes between ordinary resolutions to be adopted and extraordinary resolutions to be adopted by the general meeting of shareholders. Extraordinary resolutions relate to proposed amendments to the articles of association and other limited matters. All other resolutions are ordinary resolutions.   Pursuant to Luxemburg law, there is no requirement of a quorum for any ordinary resolutions to be considered at a general meeting and such ordinary resolutions shall be adopted by a simple majority of votes validly cast on such resolution. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”   Extraordinary resolutions are required for any of the following matters, among others: (i) an increase or decrease of the authorized or issued

				share capital, (ii) a limitation or exclusion of preferential subscription rights, (iii) approval of a statutory merger or de-merger (scission), (iv) dissolution, (v) an amendment of the articles of association and (vi) change of nationality.   Pursuant to Luxembourg law, for any extraordinary resolutions to be approved at a general meeting, the quorum shall be at least one half (50%) of the issued share capital. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened at which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Any extraordinary resolution shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting (except as otherwise provided by mandatory law) by a two-thirds majority of the votes cast on such resolution by shareholders. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”   The Luxembourg Company Law provides that if, as a result of losses, net assets fall below half of the share capital of the company, the board of directors shall convene an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders so that it is held within a period not exceeding two months from the time at which the loss was or should have been ascertained by them and such meeting shall resolve on the possible dissolution of the company and possibly on other measures announced in the agenda. The board of directors shall, in such situation, draw up a special report which sets out the causes of that situation and justify its proposals made available eight days before the extraordinary general meeting at the registered office. If it proposes to continue to conduct business, it shall set out in the report the measures it intends to take in order to remedy the financial situation of the company. The same rules apply if, as a result of losses, net assets fall below one-quarter of the share capital provided that in such case dissolution shall take place if approved by one-fourth of the votes casts at the extraordinary general meeting.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND DIVIDENDS; REPURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS		Under the DGCL, the board of directors, subject to any restrictions in the corporation’s certificate of incorporation, may declare and pay dividends out of:   •  surplus of the corporation, which is defined as net assets less statutory capital; or;   •  if no surplus exists, out of the net profits of the corporation for the year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding year.		Under Luxembourg law, the amount and payment of dividends or other distributions is determined by a simple majority vote at a general shareholders’ meeting based on the recommendation of the board of directors, except in certain limited circumstances. Pursuant to Alvotech’s articles of association, the board of directors has the power to pay interim dividends or make other distributions in accordance with applicable Luxembourg law. Distributions may be lawfully declared and paid if Alvotech’s net profits and/or distributable

If, however, the capital of the corporation has been diminished by depreciation in the value of its property, or by losses, or otherwise, to an amount less than the aggregate amount of capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets, the board of directors shall not declare and pay dividends out of the corporation’s net profits until the deficiency in the capital has been repaired.   Under the DGCL, any corporation may purchase or redeem its own shares, except that generally it may not purchase or redeem these shares if such repurchase or redemption would impair the capital of the corporation. A corporation may, however, purchase or redeem out of capital any of its own shares which are entitled upon any distribution of its assets to a preference over another class or series of its shares if such shares will be retired and the capital reduced.

reserves are sufficient under Luxembourg law. All Ordinary Shares rank pari passu with respect to the payment of dividends or other distributions unless the right to dividends or other distributions has been suspended in accordance with Alvotech’s articles of association or applicable law.   Under Luxembourg law, at least 5% of Alvotech’s net profits per year must be allocated to the creation of a legal reserve until such reserve has reached an amount equal to 10% of Alvotech’s issued share capital. The allocation to the legal reserve becomes compulsory again when the legal reserve no longer represents 10% of Alvotech’s issued share capital. The legal reserve is not available for distribution.   Pursuant to Luxembourg law, Alvotech (or any party acting on its behalf) may repurchase its own shares and hold them in treasury, provided that:   •  the shareholders at a general meeting have previously authorized the board of directors to acquire its ordinary shares. The general meeting shall determine the terms and conditions of the proposed acquisition and in particular the maximum number of shares to be acquired, the period for which the authorization is given (which may not exceed five years), and, in the case of acquisition for value, the maximum and minimum consideration;   •  the acquisitions, including shares previously acquired by Alvotech and held by it and shares acquired by a person acting in his or her own name but on Alvotech’s behalf, may not have the effect of reducing the net assets below the amount of the issued share capital plus the reserves (which may not be distributed by law or under the articles of association);   •  the shares repurchased are fully paid-up; and   •  the acquisition offer must be made on the same terms and conditions to all the shareholders who are in the same position, except for acquisitions which were unanimously decided by a general meeting at which all the shareholders were present or represented. In addition, listed companies may repurchase their own shares on the stock exchange without an

				acquisition offer having to be made to Alvotech’s shareholders.   No prior authorization by shareholders is required (i) if the acquisition is made to prevent serious and imminent harm to Alvotech, provided that the board of directors informs the next general meeting of the reasons for and the purpose of the acquisitions made, the number and nominal values or the accounting value of the shares acquired, the proportion of the subscribed capital which they represent, and the consideration paid for them, and (ii) in the case of shares acquired by either Alvotech or by a person acting on its behalf with a view to redistributing the shares to its staff or staff of its controlled subsidiaries, provided that the distribution of such shares is made within 12 months from their acquisition.
NUMBER OF DIRECTORS		A typical certificate of incorporation and bylaws would provide that the number of directors on the board of directors will be fixed from time to time by a vote of the majority of the authorized directors.		Pursuant to Luxembourg law and in accordance with Alvotech’s articles of association, Alvotech’s board of directors must be composed of at least three directors. They are appointed by the general meeting of shareholders by a simple majority of the votes cast. Abstentions are not considered “votes.” Directors may be reelected, but the term of their office may not exceed three years in accordance with Alvotech’s articles of association.
VACANCIES ON BOARD OF DIRECTORS		The DGCL provides that vacancies and newly created directorships may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office (even though less than a quorum) unless (a) otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or by-laws of the corporation or (b) the certificate of incorporation directs that a particular class of stock is to elect such director, in which case any other directors elected by such class, or a sole remaining director elected by such class, will fill such vacancy.		Alvotech’s articles of association provide that in case of a vacancy the remaining members of the board of directors may elect a director to fill the vacancy, on a temporary basis and for a period of time not exceeding the initial mandate of the replaced member of the board of directors, until the next general meeting of shareholders, which shall resolve on the permanent appointment in compliance with the applicable legal provisions and the articles of association.
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS; STAGGERED TERM OF DIRECTORS		Under Delaware law, a board of directors can be divided into classes. The board of directors is divided into three classes, with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class serving a three-year term.		Under Luxembourg law, a director may be removed at any time by the general meeting of shareholders by a simple majority of the votes cast, with or without cause.   Alvotech’s articles of association provides that the duration of the mandate of the directors will not exceed three (3) years. Directors of Alvotech may be reappointed for successive terms.
CUMULATIVE VOTING		Under the DGCL, a corporation may adopt in its certificate of incorporation that its directors shall be elected by cumulative voting. When		Not applicable.

		directors are elected by cumulative voting, a stockholder has a number of votes equal to the number of shares held by such stockholder multiplied by the number of directors nominated for election. The stockholder may cast all of such votes for one director or among the directors in any proportion.
AMENDMENT OF GOVERNING DOCUMENTS		Under the DGCL, a certificate of incorporation may be amended if:   •  the board of directors sets forth the proposed amendment in a resolution, declares the advisability of the amendment and directs that it be submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders; and   •  the holders of at least a majority of shares of stock entitled to vote on the matter approve the amendment, unless the certificate of incorporation requires the vote of a greater number of shares.   In addition, under the DGCL, class voting rights exist with respect to amendments to the charter that adversely affect the terms of the shares of a class. Class voting rights do not exist as to other extraordinary matters, unless the charter provides otherwise. Under the DGCL, the board of directors may amend a corporation’s bylaws if so authorized in the charter. The stockholders of a Delaware corporation also have the power to amend bylaws.		Under Luxembourg law, amendments to Alvotech’s articles of association require an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held in front of a Luxembourg notary at which at least one half (50%) of the share capital is present or represented.   The notice of the extraordinary general meeting shall set out the proposed amendments to the articles of association.   If the aforementioned quorum is not reached, a second meeting may be convened by means of a notice published in the Luxembourg official electronic gazette (RESA) and in a Luxembourg newspaper. The second meeting shall be validly constituted regardless of the proportion of the share capital present or represented.   At both meetings, resolutions will be adopted if approved by at least two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders (unless otherwise required by Luxembourg law or the articles of association). Where different classes of shares exist and the resolution to be adopted by the general meeting of shareholders changes the respective rights attaching to such shares, the resolution will be adopted only if the conditions as to quorum and majority set out above are fulfilled with respect to each class of shares.   An increase of the commitments of the shareholders requires the unanimous consent of the shareholders.   Alvotech’s articles of association and the Luxembourg Company Law provide that for any extraordinary resolutions to be considered at a general meeting, the quorum shall be at least one-half of Alvotech’s issued share capital. If the said quorum is not present, a second meeting may be convened at which Luxembourg law does not prescribe a quorum. Any extraordinary resolution shall be adopted at a quorate general meeting (save as otherwise provided by mandatory law) by a two-thirds majority of the

				votes cast on such resolution by shareholders. Abstentions are not considered “votes.”   In very limited circumstances, the board of directors may be authorized by the shareholders to amend the articles of association, albeit always within the limits set forth by the shareholders at a duly convened shareholders’ meeting. This is the case in the context of Alvotech’s authorized share capital within which the board of directors is authorized to issue further Ordinary Shares. The board of directors is then authorized to appear in front of a Luxembourg notary to record the capital increase and to amend the share capital set forth in the articles of association. The above also applies in case of the transfer of Alvotech’s registered office outside the current municipality.
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS		The DGCL generally permits a corporation to indemnify its directors and officers against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with a third-party action, other than a derivative action, and against expenses actually and reasonably incurred in the defense or settlement of a derivative action, provided that there is a determination made by the corporation that the individual acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. Such determination shall be made, in the case of an individual who is a director or officer at the time of the determination:   •  by a majority of the disinterested directors, even though less than a quorum;   •  by a committee of disinterested directors designated by a majority vote of disinterested, directors, even though less than a quorum;   •  by independent legal counsel, regardless of whether a quorum of disinterested directors exists; or   •  by the stockholders.   Without court approval, however, no indemnification may be made in respect of any derivative action in which an individual is adjudged liable to the corporation.		Luxembourg law permits Alvotech to keep directors indemnified against any expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in connection with liability of a director towards Alvotech or a third party for management errors i.e., for wrongful acts committed during the execution of the mandate (mandat) granted to the director by Alvotech, except in connection with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.   Under the articles of association of the company, the members of the board of directors, officers, employees and agents of Alvotech are not held personally liable for the indebtedness or other obligations of Alvotech. As agents of Alvotech, they are responsible for the performance of their duties. Subject to the exceptions and limitations listed in the articles of association of Alvotech and mandatory provisions of law, every person who is, or has been, a member of the board of directors, officer (mandataire) or agent of Alvotech (and any other persons to which applicable law permits Alvotech to provide indemnification, including any person who is or was a director or officer of Alvotech, is or was serving at the request of Alvotech as a director, officer (mandataire), employee or agent of another company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or employee benefit plan) (collectively, the “Covered Persons”), shall be indemnified by Alvotech to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by them in

The DGCL requires indemnification of directors and officers for expenses relating to a successful defense on the merits or otherwise of a derivative or third-party action. The DGCL permits a corporation to advance expenses relating to the defense of any proceeding to directors and officers contingent upon those individuals’ commitment to repay any advances, unless it is determined ultimately that those individuals are entitled to be indemnified.

connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding which they become involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been a Covered Person and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof. If applicable law is amended after approval of the current articles of association of Alvotech to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of Covered Persons, then the liability of a Covered Person to Alvotech shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as so amended. The words “claim”, “action”, “suit” or “proceeding” shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil, criminal or otherwise including appeals) actual or threatened and the words “liability” and “expenses” shall include without limitation attorneys’ fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement and other liabilities.   Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any claim (save for fraud, negligence or willful misconduct’s claims) shall be paid by Alvotech in advance of the final disposition of such claim upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by Alvotech as authorized in Alvotech’s articles of association. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former Covered Persons may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as Alvotech deems appropriate.   The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, Alvotech’s articles of association shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under this present articles of association, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of Alvotech that indemnification of the persons specified in Alvotech’s articles of association shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law.   No indemnification shall be provided to any Covered Person (i) against any liability by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross

				negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office (ii) with respect to any matter as to which he or she shall have been finally adjudicated to have acted in bad faith and not in the interest of Alvotech or (iii) in the event of a settlement, unless the settlement has been approved by a court of competent jurisdiction or by the board of directors. The termination of any claim, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of Alvotech, and, with respect to any claim, had reasonable cause to believe that such person’s conduct was unlawful. The right of indemnification set out above shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such Covered Person and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect or limit any rights to indemnification to which corporate personnel, including Covered Persons, may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law. Alvotech shall specifically be entitled to provide contractual indemnification to and may purchase and maintain insurance for any corporate personnel, including Covered Persons, as Alvotech may decide upon from time to time.   The obligations of Alvotech under Alvotech’s articles of association only apply to Covered Persons in their capacity as Covered Persons.
LIMITED LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS		Delaware law permits limiting or eliminating the monetary liability of a director to a corporation or its stockholders, except with regard to breaches of duty of loyalty, intentional misconduct, unlawful repurchases or dividends, or improper personal benefit.		Luxembourg law does not provide for an ex ante limitation of liability but it permits Alvotech to keep directors indemnified as set out above.
ADVANCE NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROPOSALS OF SHAREHOLDERS		Delaware corporations typically have provisions in their bylaws that require a stockholder proposing a nominee for election to the board of directors or other proposals at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders to provide notice of any such proposals to the secretary of the corporation in advance of the meeting for any such proposal to be brought before the meeting of the stockholders. In addition, advance notice bylaws frequently require the stockholder nominating a person for election to the board		One or several shareholders holding at least 10% of the share capital may request the addition of one or several items on the agenda of a general meeting. Such request must be addressed to the registered office of Alvotech by registered mail.   If one or more shareholders representing at least 10% of the share capital request so in writing, with an indication of the agenda, the convening of a general meeting, the board of directors or

		of directors to provide information about the nominee, such as his or her age, address, employment and beneficial ownership of shares of the corporation’s capital stock. The stockholder may also be required to disclose, among other things, his or her name, share ownership and agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to such nomination.   For other proposals, the proposing stockholder is often required by the bylaws to provide a description of the proposal and any other information relating to such stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf that proposal is being made, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitation of proxies for the proposal and pursuant to and in accordance with the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.		the statutory auditor must convene a general meeting.
SHAREHOLDERS’ SUITS		Under Delaware law, a stockholder may bring a derivative action on a company’s behalf to enforce the rights of a company. An individual also may commence a class action lawsuit on behalf of himself or herself and other similarly situated stockholders if the requirements for maintaining a class action lawsuit under Delaware law are met. An individual may institute and maintain a class action lawsuit only if such person was a stockholder at the time of the transaction that is the subject of the lawsuit or his or her shares thereafter devolved upon him or her by operation of law. In addition, the plaintiff must generally be a stockholder through the duration of the lawsuit.   Delaware law requires that a derivative plaintiff make a demand on the directors of the corporation to assert the corporate claim before the lawsuit may be prosecuted, unless such demand would be futile.		Under Luxembourg law, the board of directors has sole authority to decide whether to initiate legal action to enforce a company’s rights (other than, in certain circumstances, an action against board members).   Shareholders generally do not have the authority to initiate legal action on a company’s behalf unless the company fails abusively to exercise its legal rights. However, a company’s shareholders may vote at a general meeting to initiate legal action against directors on grounds that the directors have failed to perform their duties.   Luxembourg law does not provide for class action lawsuits.   However, it is possible for plaintiffs who have similar but separate claims against the same defendant(s) to bring an action on a “group” basis by way of a joint action. It is also possible to ask the court, under the Luxembourg New Civil Procedure Code, to join claims which are closely related and to rule on them together.   In addition, minority shareholders holding an aggregate of 10% of the voting rights and who voted against the discharge to a director at the annual general meeting of the company can initiate legal action against the director on behalf of the company.

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

 

This prospectus relates to the resale by the Selling Securityholders from time to time of up to 3,664,580 Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Bondholder Warrants.

 

When we refer to the “Selling Securityholders” in this prospectus, we mean the persons listed in the table below, and the pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees, successors, designees and others who later come to hold any of the Selling Securityholders’ interest in the Ordinary Shares other than through a public sale.

 

The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the names of the Selling Securityholders, the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholders and the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares that the Selling Securityholders may offer pursuant to this prospectus. We have based percentage ownership on 267,248,567 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023 (after giving effect to the issuance of shares upon exercise of outstanding Bondholder Warrants).

 

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Unless otherwise indicated below, to our knowledge, the persons and entities named in the tables have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all securities that they beneficially own, subject to community property laws where applicable.

 

We cannot advise you as to whether the Selling Securityholders will in fact sell any or all of such Ordinary Shares. As such, we are unable to declare the number of Ordinary Shares that the Selling Securityholders will retain after any such sale. In addition, the Selling Securityholders may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, the Ordinary Shares in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date of this prospectus.

 

Selling Securityholder information for each new Selling Securityholder, if any, will be set forth by a prospectus supplement to the extent required prior to the time of any offer or sale of such Selling Securityholder’s shares pursuant to this prospectus. Any prospectus supplement may add, update, substitute or change the information contained in this prospectus, including the identity of each Selling Securityholder and the number of Ordinary Shares registered on its behalf. A Selling Securityholder may sell or otherwise transfer all, some or none of such shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

		Ordinary Shares
Name		Number Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering			Number Registered for Sale Hereby				Number Beneficially Owned After Offering				Percent Owned After Offering
ATP Holdings ehf (1)		433,772				17,571				416,201				*
Crown Managed Accounts SPC - Crown/Lodbrok Segregated Portfolio (2)		59,758				59,758				—				*
Kapitalforeningen Investin Pro - Lodbrok Select Opportunities (3)		178,521				128,346				50,175				*
Lodbrok European Credit Opportunities S.À R.L. (4)		296,969				43,137				253,832				*
Lodbrok European Special Situations & Dislocated Credit Opportunities S.À  R.L. (5)		7,764				7,764				—				*
Mercer QIF Fund Public Limited Company - Mercer Investment Fund I (6)		210,518				151,351				59,167				*
Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC (7)		776,420				555,711				220,709				*
Oaktree GCP Fund Delaware Holdings, L.P. (8)		18,122				18,122				—				*
Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIF (Delaware), L.P. (9)		94,400				94,400				—				*
Oaktree Huntington-GCF Investment Fund (Direct Lending AIF), L.P. (10)		27,179				27,179				—				*
Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation (11)		965,837				467,789				498,048				*
OCM Luxembourg SC Fund A S.à r.l. (12)		86,147				37,764				48,383				*

		Ordinary Shares
Name		Number Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering			Number Registered for Sale Hereby				Number Beneficially Owned After Offering				Percent Owned After Offering
OCM Luxembourg SC Fund B S.à r.l. (13)		133,111				58,332				74,779				*
OCM Strategic Credit Investments S.à r.l. (14)		513,624				244,000				269,624				*
OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l. (15)		1,118,069				514,431				603,638				*
OCM Strategic Credit Investments 3 S.à r.l. (16)		71,878				71,878				—				*
Sculptor Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd. (17)		390,817				282,182				108,635				*
Sculptor SC II, LP (18)		319,427				319,427				—				*
Sculptor Master Fund, Ltd. (19)		881,778				365,763				516,015				*
Villafranca Holdings, LLC (20)		199,675				199,675				—				—

 

 

*	Less than one percent of outstanding Ordinary Shares.
(1)	Consists of 416,201 Ordinary Shares and 17,571 Ordinary Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of 17,571 Bondholder Warrants held by ATP Holdings ehf (“ATP”). Investment and voting decisions with respect to the shares held by ATP are made by the members of the board of directors of ATP. Arni Hardarson, Johann Johannsson, and Robert Wessman are members of the board of directors of ATP and may be deemed to have shared voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares held by ATP in Alvotech. Arni Hardarson, Johann Johannsson, and Robert Wessman each disclaim any beneficial ownership of any such shares, except to the extent of their pecuniary interest therein, if any. ATP is an affiliate of Aztiq and, on November 16, 2022, Alvotech purchased its Reykjavik facility from ATP for a purchase price of $115.0 million. ATP Holdings ehf holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between ATP and Alvotech, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The address of ATP is Smáratorg 3, Kópavogur, Iceland.
(2)	Consists of 59,758 Ordinary Shares held by Crown Managed Accounts SPC – Crown / Lodbrok Segregated Portfolio. The Ordinary Shares are held by Crown Managed Accounts SPC – Crown / Lodbrok Segregated Portfolio to which Lodbrok Capital LLP serves as investment manager. Voting and disposition decisions at Lodbrok Capital LLP are considered by an investment committee comprising Mikael Brantberg (as the CIO), Analysts and a Trader, with the power to vote or dispose of any interests resting with Mr. Brantberg. Mr. Brantberg disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest. Crown Managed Accounts SPC - Crown/Lodbrok Segregated Portfolio holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The address of Crown Managed Accounts SPC – Crown / Lodbrok Segregated Portfolio is Grand Pavilion Commercial Centre, 1st Floor, 802 West Bay Road, P.O. Box 31855, KY1-1207, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
(3)	Consists of 178,521 Ordinary Shares, 50,175 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by Kapitalforeningen Investin Pro – Lodbrok Select Opportunities. The Ordinary Shares are held by Kapitalforeningen Investin Pro – Lodbrok Select Opportunities, to which Lodbrok Capital LLP serves as investment manager. Voting and disposition decisions at Lodbrok Capital LLP are considered by an investment committee comprising Mikael Brantberg (as the CIO), Analysts and a Trader, with the power to vote or dispose of any interests resting with Mr. Brantberg. Mr. Brantberg disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest. Kapitalforeningen Investin Pro - Lodbrok Select Opportunities holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The address of Kapitalforeningen Investin Pro – Lodbrok Select Opportunities is Nykredit Portefølje Administration A/S, Otto Mønsteds Plads 9, 1780 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
(4)	Consists of 296,969 Ordinary Shares, 253,832 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by Lodbrok European Credit Opportunities S.À R.L. The Ordinary Shares are held by Lodbrok European Credit Opportunities S.À R.L to which Lodbrok Capital LLP serves as investment manager. Voting and disposition decisions at Lodbrok Capital LLP are considered by an investment committee comprising Mikael Brantberg (as the CIO), Analysts and a Trader, with the power to vote or dispose of any interests resting with Mr. Brantberg. Mr. Brantberg disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest. Lodbrok European Credit Opportunities S.À R.L. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The address of Lodbrok European Credit Opportunities S.à r.l is 14-16 Avenue Pasteur, Luxembourg, L-2310, Luxembourg.
(5)	Consists of 7,764 Ordinary Shares held by Lodbrok European Special Situations & Dislocated Credit Opportunities S.À R.L. The Ordinary Shares are held by Lodbrok European Special Situations & Dislocated Credit Opportunities S.À R.L. to which Lodbrok Capital LLP serves as investment manager. Voting and disposition decisions at Lodbrok Capital LLP are considered by an investment committee comprising Mikael Brantberg (as the CIO), Analysts and a Trader, with the power to vote or dispose of any interests resting with Mr. Brantberg. Mr. Brantberg disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest. Lodbrok European Special Situations & Dislocated Credit Opportunities S.À R.L. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The address of Lodbrok European Special Situations & Dislocated Credit Opportunities S.à r.l. is 14-16 Avenue Pasteur, Luxembourg, L-2310, Luxembourg.
(6)	Consists of 210,518 Ordinary Shares, 59,167 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by Mercer QIF Fund Public Limited Company – Mercer Investment Fund I. The Ordinary Shares are held by Mercer QIF Fund Public Limited Company – Mercer Investment Fund I to which Lodbrok Capital LLP serves as investment manager. Voting and disposition decisions at Lodbrok Capital LLP are considered by an investment committee comprising Mikael Brantberg (as the CIO), Analysts and a Trader, with the power to vote or dispose of any interests resting with Mr. Brantberg. Mr. Brantberg disclaims beneficial ownership of all such shares, except to the extent of

	his pecuniary interest. Mercer QIF Fund Public Limited Company - MercerInvestment Fund I holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The address of Mercer QIF Fund Public Limited Company – Mercer Investment Fund I is 70, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland.
(7)	Consist of 776,420 Ordinary Shares, 220,709 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by Morgan Stanley & Co International plc. Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc. is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, a publicly held corporation. Morgan Stanley & Co International plc. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business address for Morgan Stanley is 1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. The principal business address for Morgan Stanley & Co International plc is 25 Cabot Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 4QA, United Kingdom.
(8)	Consists of 18,122 Ordinary Shares held by Oaktree GCP Fund Delaware Holdings, L.P. The investment manager of each shareholder of Oaktree GCP Fund Delaware Holdings, L.P. is Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (“OCM”). The general partner of OCM is Oaktree Capital Management GP, LLC (“OCM GP”). The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas OCM Holdings, LLC (“Atlas”). Oaktree Capital Group Holdings GP, LLC (“OCGH GP”), Brookfield Corporation and Brookfield Asset Management Ltd. (collectively, “Brookfield”) are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. Oaktree GCP Fund Delaware Holdings, L.P. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of Oaktree GCP Fund Delaware Holdings, L.P. is 333 So. Grand Ave., 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(9)	Consists of 94,400 Ordinary Shares held by Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIF (Delaware), L.P. The investment manager of each shareholder of Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIF (Delaware), L.P. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas. OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIF (Delaware), L.P. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIF (Delaware), L.P. is 333 So. Grand Ave., 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(10)	Consists of  27,179 Ordinary Shares held by Oaktree Huntington-GCF Investment Fund (Direct Lending AIF), L.P. The investment manager of each shareholder of Oaktree Huntington-GCF Investment Fund (Direct Lending AIF), L.P. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas. OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. Oaktree Huntington-GCF Investment Fund (Direct Lending AIF), L.P. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of Oaktree Huntington-GCF Investment Fund (Direct Lending AIF), L.P. is 333 So. Grand Ave., 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(11)	Consists of 965,837 Ordinary Shares, 141,640 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation. Oaktree Fund Advisors, LLC (“Oaktree Fund Advisors”) is the investment advisor to Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation. Oaktree Capital II, L.P. (Manager Series) (“Oaktree Capital II”) is the managing member of Oaktree Fund Advisors and Oaktree Capital II GP LLC (“Oaktree Capital II GP”) is the general partner of Oaktree Capital II. Atlas is the sole managing member of Oaktree Capital II GP. OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIV (Delaware), L.P., Oaktree Fund Advisors, Oaktree Capital II, Oaktree Capital II GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of each of Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation, Oaktree Fund Advisors, Oaktree Capital II, Oaktree Capital II GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(12)	Consists of 86,147 Ordinary Shares, 13,644 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by OCM Luxembourg SC Fund A S.à r.l. The investment manager of each shareholder of OCM Luxembourg SC Fund A S.à r.l. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas). OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. OCM Luxembourg SC Fund A S.à r.l. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of OCM Luxembourg SC Fund A S.à r.l. is 26A, boulevard Royal L-2449 Luxembourg. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(13)	Consists of 133,111 Ordinary Shares, 21,073 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by OCM Luxembourg SC Fund B S.à r.l. The investment manager of each shareholder of OCM Luxembourg SC Fund B S.à r.l. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas). OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the

	ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. OCM Luxembourg SC Fund B S.à r.l. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of OCM Luxembourg SC Fund B S.à r.l. is 26A, boulevard Royal L-2449 Luxembourg. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(14)	Consists of 513,624 Ordinary Shares, 77,406 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by OCM Strategic Credit Investments S.à r.l. The investment manager of each shareholder of OCM Strategic Credit Investments S.à r.l. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas. OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. OCM Strategic Credit Investments S.à r.l. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of OCM Strategic Credit Investments S.à r.l. is 26A, boulevard Royal L-2449 Luxembourg. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(15)	Consists of 1,118,069 Ordinary Shares, 171,990 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, held by OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l. The investment manager of each shareholder of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas. OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l. is 26A, boulevard Royal L-2449 Luxembourg. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(16)	Consists of 71,878 Ordinary Shares held by OCM Strategic Credit Investments 3 S.à r.l. The investment manager of each shareholder of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 3 S.à r.l. is OCM. The general partner of OCM is OCM GP. The sole managing member of OCM GP is Atlas. OCGH GP and Brookfield are each an indirect owner of Atlas and have the ability to appoint and remove certain directors of Atlas and, as such, may indirectly control the decisions of Atlas regarding the vote and disposition of securities directly or indirectly held by Atlas. Each of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., OCM, OCM GP, Atlas, OCGH GP and Brookfield disclaims beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares reported herein except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein. OCM Strategic Investments 3 S.à r.l. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of OCM Strategic Credit Investments 3 S.à r.l. is 26A, boulevard Royal L-2449 Luxembourg. The principal business office of each of OCM, OCM GP, Atlas and OCGH GP is 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90071.
(17)	Consists of 108,635 Ordinary Shares, 6,764 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, and 282,182 Ordinary Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of 282,182 Bondholder Warrants held by Sculptor Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd. Sculptor Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd. is managed by Sculptor Capital LP, a registered investment advisor, which is controlled by Sculptor Capital Management, Inc., a publicly listed company. Sculptor Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of Sculptor Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd. is c/o Sculptor Capital LP, 9 West 57th Street, Floor 39, New York, New York 10019.
(18)	Consists of 319,427 Ordinary Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of 319,427 Bondholder Warrants held by Sculptor SC, II LP. Sculptor SC, II LP is managed by Sculptor Capital LP, a registered investment advisor, which is controlled by Sculptor Capital Management, Inc., a publicly listed company. Sculptor SC II, LP holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of Sculptor SC, II LP is c/o Sculptor Capital LP, 9 West 57th Street, Floor 39, New York, New York 10019.
(19)	Consists of 516,015 Ordinary Shares, 32,130 of which are subject to vesting pursuant to certain earnout terms, and 365,763 Ordinary Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of 365,763 Bondholder Warrants held by Sculptor Master Fund, Ltd. Sculptor Master Fund, Ltd. is managed by Sculptor Capital LP, a registered investment advisor, which is controlled by Sculptor Capital Management, Inc., a publicly listed company. Sculptor Master Fund, Ltd. holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022. The principal business office of Sculptor Master Fund, Ltd. is c/o Sculptor Capital LP, 9 West 57th Street, Floor 39, New York, New York 10019.
(20)	Consists of 199,675 Ordinary Shares that may be issued upon the exercise of 199,675 Bondholder Warrants held by Villafranca Holdings, LLC.  Farallon Capital Management, L.L.C. (“FCM”), as the manager of Villafranca Holdings, LLC, may be deemed to beneficially own such warrants held by Villafranca Holdings, LLC. Each of Joshua J. Dapice; Philip D. Dreyfuss; Hannah E. Dunn; Richard B. Fried; Varun N. Gehani; Nicolas Giauque; David T. Kim; Michael G. Linn; Rajiv A. Patel; Thomas G. Roberts, Jr.; Edric C. Saito; William Seybold; Daniel S. Short; Andrew J. M. Spokes; John R. Warren; and Mark C. Wehrly (collectively, the “Managing Members”), as a senior managing member or managing member, as the case may be, of FCM, in each case with the power to exercise investment discretion, may be deemed to beneficially own such warrants held by Villafranca Holdings, LLC. Each of FCM and the Managing Members disclaims beneficial ownership of any such Bondholder Warrants and Ordinary Shares. Villafranca Holdings, LLC holds an aggregate principal amount of senior bonds issued by Alvotech. For a description of material relationships between Alvotech and holders of its bonds, see “Item 10. Additional Information—C. Material Contracts—Agreements Relating to Financing—Amendment to Senior Bonds” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022.  Nidema Funding LLC, an affiliate of Villafranca Holdings LLC, holds 437,110 Ordinary Shares. The address of Villafranca Holdings, LLC is c/o Farallon Capital Management, L.L.C., One Maritime Plaza, Suite 2100, San Francisco, California 94111.

MATERIAL LUXEMBOURG INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following information is of a general nature only and is based on the laws in force in Luxembourg as of the date of this prospectus and is subject to any change in law that may take effect after such date. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all tax considerations that might be relevant to an investment decision. It is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice. It is a description of the essential material Luxembourg tax consequences with respect to the listing and may not include tax considerations that arise from rules of general application or that are generally assumed to be known to investors. Prospective holders of Ordinary Shares should consult their professional advisors with respect to particular circumstances, the effects of state, local or foreign laws to which they may be subject, and as to their tax position.

 

Please be aware that the residence concept used under the respective headings applies for Luxembourg income tax assessment purposes only. Any reference in this section to a tax, duty, levy impost or other charge or withholding of a similar nature refers to Luxembourg tax law and/or concepts only. In addition, please note that a reference to Luxembourg income tax generally encompasses corporate income tax (impôt sur le revenu des collectivités), municipal business tax (impôt commercial communal), a solidarity surcharge (contribution au fonds pour l’emploi) as well as personal income tax (impôt sur le revenu). Corporate holders of Ordinary Shares may further be subject to net worth tax (impôt sur la fortune) as well as other duties, levies or taxes. Corporate income tax, municipal business tax, the solidarity surcharge and net worth tax invariably apply to most corporate taxpayers resident in Luxembourg for tax purposes. Individual taxpayers are generally subject to personal income tax and the solidarity surcharge. Under certain circumstances, where an individual taxpayer acts in the course of the management of a professional or business undertaking, municipal business tax may apply as well.

 

Taxation of Alvotech

 

Income Tax

 

From a Luxembourg tax perspective, Luxembourg companies are considered as being resident in Luxembourg provided that they have either their registered office or their central administration in Luxembourg.

 

Alvotech is a fully taxable Luxembourg company. The net taxable profit of Alvotech is subject to corporate income tax (“CIT”) and municipal business tax (“MBT”) at ordinary rates in Luxembourg.

 

The maximum aggregate CIT and MBT rate amounts to 24.94% (including the solidarity surcharge for the employment fund) for companies located in the municipality of Luxembourg-city. Liability to such corporation taxes extends to Alvotech’s worldwide income (including capital gains), subject to the provisions of any relevant double taxation treaty. The taxable income of Alvotech is computed by application of all rules of the Luxembourg income tax law of December 4, 1967, as amended (loi concernant l’impôt sur le revenu), as commented and currently applied by the Luxembourg tax authorities (“LIR”). The taxable profit as determined for CIT purposes is applicable, with minor adjustments, for MBT purposes. Under the LIR, all income of Alvotech will be taxable in the fiscal period to which it economically relates and all deductible expenses of Alvotech will be deductible in the fiscal period to which they economically relate. Under certain conditions, dividends received by Alvotech from qualifying participations and capital gains realized by Alvotech on the sale of such participations, may be exempt from Luxembourg corporation taxes under the Luxembourg participation exemption regime. A tax credit is generally granted for withholding taxes levied at source within the limit of the tax payable in Luxembourg on such income, whereby any excess withholding tax is not refundable (but may be deductible under certain conditions).

 

Under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), dividends derived from shares may be exempt from income taxes if (i) the distributing company is a qualified subsidiary (“Qualified Subsidiary”) and (ii) at the time the dividend is put at Alvotech’s disposal, the latter holds or commits itself to hold for an uninterrupted period of at least 12 months shares representing either (a) a direct participation of at least 10% in the share capital of the Qualified Subsidiary or (b) a direct participation in the Qualified Subsidiary of an acquisition price of at least €1.2 million (“Qualified Shareholding”). A Qualified Subsidiary means notably (a) a company covered by Article 2 of the Council Directive 2011/96/EU dated November 30, 2011 (the “Parent-Subsidiary Directive”) or (b) a non-resident capital company (société de capitaux) liable to a tax corresponding to Luxembourg CIT. Liquidation proceeds are assimilated to a received dividend and may be exempt under the same conditions.

If the conditions of the participation exemption regime are not met, dividends derived by Alvotech from the Qualified Subsidiary may be exempt for 50 % of their gross amount.

 

Capital gains realized by Alvotech on shares are subject to CIT and MBT at ordinary rates, unless the conditions of the participation exemption regime, as described below, are satisfied. Under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), capital gains realized on shares may be exempt from income tax at the level of Alvotech (subject to the recapture rules) if at the time the capital gain is realized, Alvotech holds or commits itself to hold for an uninterrupted period of at least 12 months shares representing a direct participation in the share capital of the Qualified Subsidiary (i) of at least 10% or of (ii) an acquisition price of at least €6 million. Taxable gains are determined as being the difference between the price for which shares have been disposed of and the lower of their cost or book value.

 

For the purposes of the participation exemption regime, shares held through a tax transparent entity are considered as being a direct participation proportionally to the percentage held in the net assets of the transparent entity.

 

Net Worth Tax

 

Alvotech is as a rule subject to Luxembourg net worth tax (“NWT”) on its net assets as determined for net worth tax purposes. NWT is levied at the rate of 0.5% on net assets not exceeding €500 million and at the rate of 0.05% on the portion of the net assets exceeding €500 million. Net worth is referred to as the unitary value (valeur unitaire), as determined on January 1 of each year. The unitary value is in principle calculated as the difference between (i) assets estimated at their fair market value (valeur estimée de réalisation), and (ii) liabilities.

 

Under the participation exemption regime, a Qualified Shareholding held by Alvotech in a Qualified Subsidiary is exempt for net worth tax purposes.

 

As from January 1, 2016, a minimum net worth tax (“MNWT”) is levied on companies having their statutory seat or central administration in Luxembourg. For entities for which the sum of fixed financial assets, receivables against related enterprises, transferable securities and cash at bank exceeds 90% of their total balance sheet value and €350,000, the MNWT is set at €4,815. For all other companies having their statutory seat or central administration in Luxembourg which do not fall within the scope of the €4,815 MNWT, the MNWT ranges from €535 to €32,100, depending on their total balance sheet value.

 

Other Taxes

 

The incorporation of Alvotech through a contribution in cash to its share capital as well as further share capital increase or other amendment to the articles of incorporation of Alvotech are subject to a fixed registration duty of €75.

 

Withholding Taxes

 

Dividends paid by Alvotech to holders of Ordinary Shares are generally subject to a 15% withholding tax in Luxembourg, unless a reduced treaty rate or the participation exemption applies. Under certain conditions, a corresponding tax credit may be granted to the holders of Ordinary Shares. Responsibility for the withholding of the tax is assumed by Alvotech.

 

A withholding tax exemption applies under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), if cumulatively (i) the holder of Ordinary Shares is an eligible parent (“Eligible Parent”) and (ii) at the time the income is made available, the Eligible Parent holds or commits itself to hold for an uninterrupted period of at least 12 months a Qualified Shareholding in Alvotech. Holding a participation through a tax transparent entity is deemed to be a direct participation in the proportion of the net assets held in this entity. An Eligible Parent includes notably (a) a company covered by Article 2 of the Parent-Subsidiary Directive or a Luxembourg permanent establishment thereof, (b) a company resident in a State having a double tax treaty with Luxembourg and liable to a tax corresponding to Luxembourg CIT or a Luxembourg permanent establishment thereof, (c) a capital company (société de capitaux) or a cooperative company (société coopérative) resident in a member state of the EEA other than an EU member state and

liable to a tax corresponding to Luxembourg CIT or a Luxembourg permanent establishment thereof or (d) a Swiss capital company (société de capitaux) which is subject to CIT in Switzerland without benefiting from an exemption.

 

No withholding tax is levied on capital gains and liquidation proceeds.

 

Taxation of the Holders of Ordinary Shares

 

Tax Residency

 

A holder of Ordinary Shares will not become resident, nor be deemed to be resident, in Luxembourg solely by virtue of holding and/or disposing of Ordinary Shares or the execution, performance, delivery and/or enforcement of his or her rights thereunder.

 

Income Tax

 

For the purposes of this section, a “disposal” may include a sale, an exchange, a contribution, a redemption and any other kind of alienation of Ordinary Shares.

 

Luxembourg Residents

 

Luxembourg Resident Individuals

 

Dividends and other payments derived from the Ordinary Shares held by resident individual holders, who act in the course of the management of either their private wealth or their professional/business activity, are subject to income tax at the ordinary progressive rates. Under current Luxembourg tax laws, 50% of the gross amount of dividends received by resident individuals from Alvotech may however be exempt from income tax.

 

Capital gains realized on the disposal of the Ordinary Shares by resident individual shareholders, who act in the course of the management of their private wealth, are not subject to income tax, unless said capital gains qualify either as speculative gains or as gains on a substantial participation. Capital gains are deemed to be speculative if the Ordinary Shares are disposed of within six months after their acquisition or if their disposal precedes their acquisition. Speculative gains are subject to income tax as miscellaneous income at ordinary rates. A participation is deemed to be substantial where a resident individual shareholder holds or has held, either alone or together with his/her spouse or partner and/or minor children, directly or indirectly at any time within the five years preceding the disposal, more than 10% of the share capital of the company whose shares are being disposed of (the “Substantial Participation”). A holder of Ordinary Shares is also deemed to alienate a Substantial Participation if he acquired free of charge, within the five years preceding the transfer, a participation that was constituting a Substantial Participation in the hands of the alienator (or the alienators in case of successive transfers free of charge within the same five-year period). Capital gains realized on a Substantial Participation more than six months after the acquisition thereof are taxed according to the half-global rate method (i.e., the average rate applicable to the total income is calculated according to progressive income tax rates and half of the average rate is applied to the capital gains realized on the Substantial Participation).

 

Capital gains realized on the disposal of the Ordinary Shares by resident individual holders, who act in the course of their professional/business activity, are subject to income tax at ordinary rates. Taxable gains are determined as being the difference between the price for which the Ordinary Shares have been disposed of and the lower of their cost or book value.

 

Luxembourg Resident Companies

 

Dividends and other payments derived from the Ordinary Shares held by Luxembourg resident fully taxable companies are subject to income taxes, unless the conditions of the participation exemption regime, as described below, are satisfied. A tax credit is generally granted for withholding taxes levied at source within the limit of the tax payable in Luxembourg on such income, whereby any excess withholding tax is not refundable (but may be deductible under certain conditions). If the conditions of the participation exemption regime are not met, 50% of the dividends distributed by Alvotech to a Luxembourg fully taxable resident company are nevertheless exempt from income taxes.

Under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), dividends derived from the Ordinary Shares may be exempt from CIT and MBT at the level of the holder if (i) the holder is an Eligible Parent and (ii) at the time the dividend is put at the holder’s disposal, the latter holds or commits itself to hold for an uninterrupted period of at least 12 months a shareholding representing a direct participation of at least 10% in the share capital of Alvotech or a direct participation in Alvotech of an acquisition price of at least €1.2 million. Liquidation proceeds are assimilated to a received dividend and may be exempt under the same conditions. Capital gains realized by a Luxembourg fully-taxable resident company on the disposal of the Ordinary Shares are subject to income taxes at ordinary rates, unless the conditions of the participation exemption regime, as described below, are satisfied.

 

Under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), capital gains realized on the Ordinary Shares may be exempt from CIT and MBT (save for the recapture rules) at the level of the holder if cumulatively (i) the holder is a Eligible Parent and (ii) at the time the capital gain is realized, the holder holds or commits itself to hold for an uninterrupted period of at least 12 months shares representing either (a) a direct participation of at least 10% in the share capital of Alvotech or (b) a direct participation in Alvotech of an acquisition price of at least €6 million. Taxable gains are determined as being the difference between the price for which the Ordinary Shares have been disposed of and the lower of their cost or book value.

 

For the purposes of the participation exemption regime, Ordinary Shares held through a tax transparent entity are considered as being a direct participation proportionally to the percentage held in the net assets of the transparent entity.

 

Luxembourg Resident Companies Benefiting from a Special Tax Regime

 

A holder of Ordinary Shares who is a Luxembourg resident company benefiting from a special tax regime, such as (i) a specialized investment fund governed by the amended law of February 13, 2007, (ii) a family wealth management company governed by the amended law of May 11, 2007 (iii) an undertaking for collective investment governed by the amended law of December 17, 2010 or (iv) a reserved alternative investment fund treated as a specialized investment fund for Luxembourg tax purposes and governed by the amended law of July 23, 2016 is exempt from income taxes in Luxembourg and profits derived from the shares are thus not subject to income tax in Luxembourg.

 

Luxembourg Non-Residents 

 

Non-resident holders of Ordinary Shares, who have neither a permanent establishment nor a permanent representative in Luxembourg to which or whom the Ordinary Shares are attributable, are not liable to any Luxembourg income tax, whether they receive payments of dividends or realize capital gains on the disposal of the Ordinary Shares, except with respect to capital gains realized on a substantial participation before the acquisition or within the first six months of the acquisition thereof or where the non-resident holder has been a former Luxembourg resident for more than 15 years and has become a non-resident, at the time of transfer, less than five years ago, that are subject to income tax in Luxembourg at ordinary rates (subject to the provisions of any relevant double tax treaty) and except for the withholding tax mentioned above.

 

Non-resident holders of Ordinary Shares having a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in Luxembourg to which or whom the Ordinary Shares are attributable, must include any income received, as well as any gain realized on the disposal of the Ordinary Shares, in their taxable income for Luxembourg tax assessment purposes, unless the conditions of the participation exemption regime, as described below, are satisfied. If the conditions of the participation exemption regime are not fulfilled, 50% of the gross amount of dividends received by a Luxembourg permanent establishment or permanent representative are however exempt from income taxes. Taxable gains are determined as being the difference between the price for which the Ordinary Shares have been disposed of and the lower of their cost or book value.

 

Under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), dividends derived from the Ordinary Shares may be exempt from income taxes if cumulatively (i) the Ordinary Shares are attributable to a qualified permanent establishment (“Qualified Permanent Establishment”) and (ii) at the time the dividend is put at the disposal of the Qualified Permanent Establishment, it holds or commits itself to hold a Qualified Shareholding in

Alvotech. A Qualified Permanent Establishment means (a) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a company covered by Article 2 of the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, (b) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a capital company (société de capitaux) resident in a State having a double tax treaty with Luxembourg and (c) a Luxembourg permanent establishment of a capital company (société de capitaux) or a cooperative company (société coopérative) resident in a member state of the EEA other than an EU member state. Liquidation proceeds are assimilated to a received dividend and may be exempt under the same conditions. Ordinary Shares held through a tax transparent entity are considered as being a direct participation proportionally to the percentage held in the net assets of the transparent entity.

 

Under the participation exemption regime (subject to the relevant anti-abuse rules), capital gains realized on the Ordinary Shares may be exempt from income taxes (save for the recapture rules) if cumulatively (i) the Ordinary Shares are attributable to a Qualified Permanent Establishment and (ii) at the time the capital gain is realized, the Qualified Permanent Establishment holds or commits itself to hold for an uninterrupted period of at least 12 months shares representing either (a) a direct participation in the share capital of Alvotech of at least 10% or (b) a direct participation in of an acquisition price of at least €6 million.

 

Net Worth Tax

 

A Luxembourg resident as well as a non-resident who has a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in Luxembourg to which the Ordinary Shares are attributable, are subject to Luxembourg NWT (subject to the application of the participation exemption regime) on such Ordinary Shares, except if the holder of Ordinary Shares is (i) a resident or non-resident individual taxpayer, (ii) a securitization company governed by the amended law of March 22, 2004 on securitization, (iii) a company governed by the amended law of June 15, 2004 on venture capital vehicles, (iv) a professional pension institution governed by the amended law of July 13, 2005, (v) a specialized investment fund governed by the amended law of February 13, 2007, (vi) a family wealth management company governed by the law of May 11, 2007, (vii) an undertaking for collective investment governed by the amended law of December 17, 2010 or (viii) a reserved alternative investment fund governed by the amended law of July 23, 2016.

 

However, (i) a securitization company governed by the amended law of March 22, 2004 on securitization, (ii) a tax-opaque company governed by the amended law of June 15, 2004 on venture capital vehicles (iii) a professional pension institution governed by the amended law dated July 13, 2005 and (iv) a tax-opaque reserved alternative investment fund treated as a venture capital vehicle for Luxembourg tax purposes and governed by the amended law of July 23, 2016 remain subject to the MNWT.

 

Other Taxes

 

Under current Luxembourg tax laws, no registration tax or similar tax is in principle payable by the holder of Ordinary Shares upon the acquisition, holding or disposal of the Ordinary Shares. However, a fixed or ad valorem registration duty may be due upon the registration of the Ordinary Shares in Luxembourg in the case where the Ordinary Shares are physically attached to a public deed or to any other document subject to mandatory registration, as well as in the case of a registration of the Ordinary Shares on a voluntary basis.

 

No inheritance tax is levied on the transfer of the Ordinary Shares upon death of a holder in cases where the deceased was not a resident of Luxembourg for inheritance tax purposes at the time of his death.

 

Gift tax may be due on a gift or donation of the Ordinary Shares if the gift is recorded in a Luxembourg notarial deed or otherwise registered in Luxembourg.

MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Bondholder Warrants by a “U.S. Holder.” This discussion applies only to Ordinary Shares that are held by a U.S. Holder as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not describe all U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to a U.S. Holder in light of such U.S. Holder’s particular circumstances, nor does it address any state, local, or non-U.S. tax considerations, any non-income tax (such as gift or estate tax) considerations, the alternative minimum tax, the special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code, the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income, or any tax consequences that may be relevant to U.S. Holders that are subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:

 

·

banks or other financial institutions;

 

·

insurance companies;

 

·

mutual funds;

 

·

pension or retirement plans;

 

·

S corporations;

 

·

broker or dealers in securities or currencies;

 

·

traders in securities that elect mark-to-market treatment;

 

·

regulated investment companies;

 

·

real estate investment trusts;

 

·

trusts or estates;

 

·

tax-exempt organizations (including private foundations);

 

·

persons that hold Ordinary Shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion,” “synthetic security,” “constructive sale,” or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

·

persons that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar;

 

·

certain U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States;

 

·

persons owning (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 5% (by vote or value) or more of our stock;

 

·

persons that acquired Ordinary Shares pursuant to an exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;

 

·

partnerships or other entities or arrangements treated as pass-through entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes and investors in such entities;

 

·

“controlled foreign corporations” within the meaning of Section 957(a) of the Code;

 

·

“passive foreign investment companies” within the meaning of Section 1297(a) of the Code; and

 

·

corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax.

If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership and the partner. Partnerships holding Ordinary Shares should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences in their particular circumstances.

 

This discussion is based on the Code, the U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative rulings, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to change or differing interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change or differing interpretation could alter the tax consequences described herein. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not challenge the tax considerations described herein and that a court will not sustain such challenge.

 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of Ordinary Shares, that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

·

an individual who is a U.S. citizen or resident of the United States;

 

·

a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

 

·

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

·

a trust (i) if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more “United States persons” within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) that has in effect a valid election under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

 

THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISTION, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF ORDINARY SHARES IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

Distributions on Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” distributions on Ordinary Shares generally will be taxable as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the applicable U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Ordinary Shares. Any remaining excess will be treated as gain realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares and will be treated as described below under “—Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of the Ordinary Shares.” The amount of any such distributions will include any amounts required to be withheld by us (or another applicable withholding agent) in respect of any non-U.S. taxes. Any such amount treated as a dividend will be treated as foreign-source dividend income. Any such dividends received by a corporate U.S. Holder generally will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations. With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, any such dividends generally will be taxed at currently preferential long-term capital gains rates only if (i) Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or we are eligible for benefits under an applicable tax treaty with the United States, (ii) we are not treated as a PFIC with respect to the applicable U.S. Holder at the time the dividend was paid or in the preceding year, and (iii) certain holding period and other requirements are met. Any such dividends paid in a currency other than the U.S. dollar generally will be the U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of actual or constructive receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars at that time. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of actual or constructive receipt.

As noted above and subject to applicable limitations, taxing jurisdictions other than the United States may withhold taxes from distributions on Ordinary Shares, and a U.S. Holder may be eligible for a reduced rate of withholding to the extent there is an applicable tax treaty between the applicable taxing jurisdiction and the United States and/or may be eligible for a foreign tax credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. Recently issued U.S. Treasury regulations, which apply to foreign taxes paid or accrued in taxable years beginning on or after December 28, 2021, may in some circumstances prohibit a U.S. Holder from claiming a foreign tax credit with respect to certain foreign taxes that are not creditable under applicable tax treaties. In lieu of claiming a foreign tax credit, a U.S. Holder may, at such U.S. Holder’s election, deduct foreign taxes in computing such U.S. Holder’s taxable income, subject to generally applicable limitations under U.S. tax law. An election to deduct foreign taxes in lieu of claiming a foreign tax credit applies to all foreign taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year in which such election is made. The foreign tax credit rules are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of such rules, including the creditability of foreign taxes, in their particular circumstances.

 

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of the Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” upon any sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between (i) the sum of (A) the amount of cash and (B) the fair market value of any other property received in such sale or disposition and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Ordinary Shares. Any such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such Ordinary Shares exceeds one year. Long-term capital gain recognized by non-corporate U.S. Holders generally will be taxed at currently preferential long-term capital gains rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. For foreign tax credit purposes, any such gain or loss generally will be treated as U.S. source gain or loss.

 

If the consideration received by a U.S. Holder upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares is not paid in U.S. dollars, the amount realized will be the U.S. dollar value of such payment calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of such sale or disposition. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss to the extent of the difference, if any, between (i) the U.S. dollar value of such payment on the date of such sale or disposition and (ii) the U.S. dollar value of such payment calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of settlement.

 

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of a sale or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares, including the creditability of foreign taxes imposed on such sale or disposition by a taxing jurisdiction other than the United States, in their particular circumstances.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

The U.S. federal income tax treatment of U.S. Holders could be materially different from that described above if we are treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-U.S. corporation generally will be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income in a taxable year, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year (ordinarily determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year), including its pro rata share of the assets of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business), and gains from the disposition of passive assets.

 

Based on our analysis of our income, assets, activities and market capitalization, we believe that we were not treated as a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2022. However, the determination of whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis and the applicable law is subject to varying interpretation. In particular, the characterization of our assets as active or passive may depend in part on our current and intended future business plans, which are subject to change. In addition, the total value of our assets for PFIC testing purposes may be determined in part by reference to our market capitalization from time to time, which may fluctuate considerably. As a result, there can be no assurance with respect to our status as a PFIC for any taxable year, and our U.S. counsel expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status for any taxable year.

Although PFIC status is generally determined annually, if we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder in its Ordinary Shares and the U.S. Holder did not make either a mark-to-market election or a qualifying electing fund (“QEF”) election, which are referred to collectively as the “PFIC Elections” for purposes of this discussion, for the first taxable year in which we are treated as a PFIC, and in which the U.S. Holder held (or was deemed to hold) Ordinary Shares, or the U.S. Holder does not otherwise make a purging election, as described below, the U.S. Holder generally will be subject to special and adverse rules with respect to (i) any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of its Ordinary Shares and (ii) any “excess distribution” made to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to the U.S. Holder during a taxable year of the U.S. Holder that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by the U.S. Holder in respect of its Ordinary Shares during the three preceding taxable years of the U.S. Holder or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period in its Ordinary Shares).

 

Under these rules:

 

·

the U.S. Holder’s gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period in its Ordinary Shares;

 

·

the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain or received the excess distribution, and to any period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of the first taxable year in which we are treated as a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income;

 

·

the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in the U.S. Holder’s holding period will be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and

 

·

an additional tax equal to the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the U.S. Holder with respect to the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of the U.S. Holder.

 

PFIC Elections

 

If we are treated as a PFIC and Ordinary Shares constitute “marketable stock,” a U.S. Holder may avoid the adverse PFIC tax consequences discussed above if such U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election with respect to its Ordinary Shares for the first taxable year in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) Ordinary Shares and each subsequent taxable year. Such U.S. Holder generally will include for each of its taxable years as ordinary income the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its Ordinary Shares at the end of such year over its adjusted tax basis in its Ordinary Shares. The U.S. Holder also will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of its adjusted tax basis in its Ordinary Shares over the fair market value of its Ordinary Shares at the end of its taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts, and any further gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of its Ordinary Shares will be treated as ordinary income.

 

The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” generally, stock that is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Nasdaq (on which Ordinary Shares are currently listed), or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. As such, such election generally will not apply to any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, unless the shares in such subsidiaries are themselves “marketable stock.” As such, U.S. Holders may continue to be subject to the adverse PFIC tax consequences discussed above with respect to any lower-tier PFICs, as discussed below, notwithstanding their mark-to-market election with respect to Ordinary Shares.

 

If made, a mark-to-market election would be effective for the taxable year for which the election was made and for all subsequent taxable years unless Ordinary Shares cease to qualify as “marketable stock” for purposes of the PFIC rules or the IRS consents to the revocation of the election. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors

regarding the availability and tax consequences of a mark-to-market election with respect to Ordinary Shares in their particular circumstances.

 

The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC and a U.S. Holder made a valid QEF election would also be different from the adverse PFIC tax consequences described above. In order to comply with the requirements of a QEF election, however, a U.S. Holder generally must receive a PFIC Annual Information Statement from us. If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year, we do not currently intend to provide the information necessary for U.S. Holders to make or maintain a QEF election. As such, U.S. Holders should assume that a QEF election will not be available with respect to Ordinary Shares.

 

If we are treated as a PFIC and a U.S. Holder failed or was unable to timely make a PFIC Election for prior periods, the U.S. Holder might seek to make a purging election to rid its Ordinary Shares of the PFIC taint. Under the purging election, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to have sold its Ordinary Shares at their fair market value and any gain recognized on such deemed sale will be treated as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, the U.S. Holder will have a new adjusted tax basis and holding period in Ordinary Shares solely for purposes of the PFIC rules.

 

Related PFIC Rules

 

If we are treated as a PFIC and, at any time, has a non-U.S. subsidiary that is treated as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder generally would be deemed to own a proportionate amount of the shares of such lower-tier PFIC, and generally could incur liability for the deferred tax and interest charge described above if we receive a distribution from, or sell or otherwise dispose of all or part of our interest in, such lower-tier PFIC, or the U.S. Holder otherwise was deemed to have sold or otherwise disposed of an interest in such lower-tier PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the lower-tier PFIC rules in their particular circumstances.

 

A U.S. Holder that owns (or is deemed to own) shares in a PFIC during any taxable year may have to file an IRS Form 8621 (whether or not a QEF election or a mark-to-market election is made) and to provide such other information as may be required by the U.S. Treasury Department. Failure to do so, if required, will extend the statute of limitations applicable to such U.S. Holder until such required information is furnished to the IRS and could result in penalties.

 

THE PFIC RULES ARE VERY COMPLEX. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF SUCH RULES IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries are subject to information reporting, and may be subject to backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

 

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the information reporting requirements and the application of the backup withholding rules in their particular circumstances.

 

THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. INCOME AND NON-INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF ORDINARY SHARES, INCLUDING THE IMPACT OF ANY POTENTIAL CHANGE IN LAW, IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We are registering the resale by the Selling Securityholders, or their permitted transferees, from time to time of up to 3,664,580 Ordinary Shares, issuable upon exercise of the Bondholder Warrants.

 

We could potentially receive up to an aggregate of $36,645.80 if all of the Bondholder Warrants are exercised. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Securityholders. The aggregate proceeds to the Selling Securityholders will be the purchase price of the securities less any discounts and commissions borne by the Selling Securityholders.

 

The Selling Securityholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the Selling Securityholders in disposing of the securities. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the securities covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, Nasdaq listing fees and fees and expenses of our counsel and our independent registered public accountants.

 

The securities beneficially owned by the Selling Securityholders covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Securityholders. The term “Selling Securityholders” includes donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors in interest selling securities received after the date of this prospectus from a Selling Securityholder as a gift, pledge, partnership distribution or other transfer. The Selling Securityholders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each sale. Such sales may be made on one or more exchanges or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at prices and under terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price or in negotiated transactions. Each Selling Securityholder reserves the right to accept and, together with its respective agents, to reject, any proposed purchase of securities to be made directly or through agents. The Selling Securityholders and any of their permitted transferees may sell their securities offered by this prospectus on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. If underwriters are used in the sale, such underwriters will acquire the shares for their own account. These sales may be at a fixed price or varying prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The securities may be offered to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to certain conditions. The underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities offered if any of the securities are purchased.

 

Subject to the limitations set forth in any applicable registration rights agreement, the Selling Securityholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling the securities offered by this prospectus:

 

·

purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by such broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to this prospectus;

 

·

ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

 

·

block trades in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

 

·

an over-the-counter distribution in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq;

 

·

through trading plans entered into by a Selling Securityholder pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act that are in place at the time of an offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement hereto that provide for periodic sales of their securities on the basis of parameters described in such trading plans;

 

·

through one or more underwritten offerings on a firm commitment or best efforts basis;

 

·

settlement of short sales entered into after the date of this prospectus;

·

agreements with broker-dealers to sell a specified number of the securities at a stipulated price per share;

 

·

in “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, at negotiated prices, at prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, including sales made directly on a national securities exchange or sales made through a market maker other than on an exchange or other similar offerings through sales agents;

 

·

directly to purchasers, including through a specific bidding, auction or other process or in privately negotiated transactions;

 

·

through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

 

·

through a combination of any of the above methods of sale; or

 

·

any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

 

In addition, a Selling Securityholder that is an entity may elect to make an in-kind distribution of securities to its members, partners or stockholders pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part by delivering a prospectus with a plan of distribution. To the extent a distributee is not an affiliate of ours, the distributee would thereby receive freely tradeable securities pursuant to the distribution through the registration statement. To the extent a distributee is an affiliate of ours (or to the extent otherwise required by law), we may file a prospectus supplement in order to permit the distributee to use the prospectus to resell the securities acquired in the distribution.

 

The Selling Securityholders also may transfer the securities in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors-in-interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. Upon being notified by a Selling Securityholder that a donee, pledgee, transferee, other successor-in-interest intends to sell our securities, we will, to the extent required, promptly file a supplement to this prospectus to name specifically such person as a Selling Securityholder.

 

There can be no assurance that the Selling Securityholders will sell all or any of the securities offered by this prospectus. In addition, the Selling Securityholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, or in other transactions exempt from registration, rather than under this prospectus. The Selling Securityholders have the sole and absolute discretion not to accept any purchase offer or make any sale of securities if they deem the purchase price to be unsatisfactory at any particular time.

 

With respect to a particular offering of the securities held by the Selling Securityholders, to the extent required, an accompanying prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is part, will be prepared and will set forth the following information:

 

·

the specific securities to be offered and sold;

 

·

the names of the Selling Securityholders;

 

·

the respective purchase prices and public offering prices, the proceeds to be received from the sale, if any, and other material terms of the offering;

 

·

settlement of short sales entered into after the date of this prospectus;

 

·

the names of any participating agents, broker-dealers or underwriters; and

 

·

any applicable commissions, discounts, concessions and other items constituting compensation from the Selling Securityholders.

In connection with distributions of the securities or otherwise, the Selling Securityholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions. In connection with such transactions, broker-dealers or other financial institutions may engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume with Selling Securityholders. The Selling Securityholders may also sell the securities short and redeliver the securities to close out such short positions. The Selling Securityholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction). The Selling Securityholders may also pledge securities to a broker-dealer or other financial institution, and, upon a default, such broker-dealer or other financial institution, may effect sales of the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

 

In order to facilitate the offering of the securities, any underwriters or agents, as the case may be, involved in the offering of such securities may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. Specifically, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may over allot in connection with the offering, creating a short position in our securities for their own account. In addition, to cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of our securities, the underwriters or agents, as the case may be, may bid for, and purchase, such securities in the open market. Finally, in any offering of securities through a syndicate of underwriters, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allotted to an underwriter or a broker-dealer for distributing such securities in the offering if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed securities in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities above independent market levels. The underwriters or agents, as the case may be, are not required to engage in these activities, and may end any of these activities at any time.

 

The Selling Securityholders may solicit offers to purchase the securities directly from, and it may sell such securities directly to, institutional investors or others. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved. The terms of any of those sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if utilized, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in our securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot give any assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for our securities. Our Ordinary Shares are currently listed on The Nasdaq Global Market and on the Nasdaq Main Market in Iceland under the symbol “ALVO.”

 

The Selling Securityholders may authorize underwriters, broker-dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the securities at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions we or the Selling Securityholders pay for solicitation of these contracts.

 

A Selling Securityholder may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by any Selling Securityholder or borrowed from any Selling Securityholder or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from any Selling Securityholder in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, any Selling Securityholder may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

 

In effecting sales, broker-dealers or agents engaged by the Selling Securityholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate. Broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions, discounts or concessions from the Selling Securityholders in amounts to be negotiated immediately prior to the sale.

In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the aggregate maximum discount, commission, fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the gross proceeds of any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.

 

If at the time of any offering made under this prospectus a member of FINRA participating in the offering has a “conflict of interest” as defined in FINRA Rule 5121 (“Rule 5121”), that offering will be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of Rule 5121.

 

To our knowledge, there are currently no plans, arrangements or understandings between the Selling Securityholders and any broker-dealer or agent regarding the sale of the securities by the Selling Securityholders. Upon our notification by a Selling Securityholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with an underwriter or broker-dealer for the sale of securities through a block trade, special offering, exchange distribution, secondary distribution or a purchase by an underwriter or broker-dealer, we will file, if required by applicable law or regulation, a supplement to this prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act disclosing certain material information relating to such underwriter or broker-dealer and such offering.

 

Underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may facilitate the marketing of an offering online directly or through one of their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms and a prospectus online and, depending upon the particular underwriter, broker-dealer or agent, place orders online or through their financial advisors.

 

In offering the securities covered by this prospectus, the Selling Securityholders and any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents who execute sales for the Selling Securityholders may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. Any discounts, commissions, concessions or profit they earn on any resale of those securities may be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.

 

The underwriters, broker-dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us or the Selling Securityholders, or perform services for us or the Selling Securityholders, in the ordinary course of business.

 

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the securities must be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states the securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

 

The Selling Securityholders and any other persons participating in the sale or distribution of the securities will be subject to applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, Regulation M. These provisions may restrict certain activities of, and limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the securities by, the Selling Securityholders or any other person, which limitations may affect the marketability of the shares of the securities.

 

We will make copies of this prospectus available to the Selling Securityholders for the purpose of satisfying the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. The Selling Securityholders may indemnify any agent, broker-dealer or underwriter that participates in transactions involving the sale of the securities against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

 

We have agreed with the Selling Securityholders pursuant to the bondholder warrant agreements to use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part effective until the earliest of (i) the date on which such Selling Securityholder ceases to hold any Bondholder Warrants or any Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to the Bondholder Warrants, (ii) the third anniversary of the filing of the registration statement, or (iii) on the first date on which such Selling Securityholder is able to sell all of its Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to the Bondholder Warrants under Rule 144 without the public information, volume or manner of sale limitations of such rule.

EXPENSES RELATED TO THE OFFERING

 

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses that are expected to be incurred by us in connection with the offer and sale of Ordinary Shares by the selling securityholders. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, all amounts are estimates.

 

			U.S. dollar
SEC Registration Fee			3,578
Legal Fees and Expenses			100,000
Accounting Fees and Expenses			20,000
Printing Expenses			15,000
Miscellaneous Expenses			21,422
Total			160,000

SERVICE OF PROCESS AND ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES UNDER
U.S. SECURITIES LAWS

 

Alvotech is incorporated in Luxembourg and conducts a majority of its operations through its subsidiary, Alvotech hf., located outside the United States. In addition, some of the members of our board of directors and officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of our assets are located in Iceland and elsewhere outside the U.S. Investors may not be able to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons or enforce judgments obtained against us or these persons in U.S. courts, including judgments in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Likewise, it also may be difficult for an investor to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against us or these persons in courts located in jurisdictions outside the United States, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere are generally not enforceable in Luxembourg.

 

As there is no treaty in force on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters between the United States and Luxembourg other than arbitral awards rendered in civil and commercial matters, courts in Luxembourg will not automatically recognize and enforce a final judgment rendered by a U.S. court. A valid judgment obtained from a court of competent jurisdiction in the United States may be entered and enforced through a court of competent jurisdiction in Luxembourg, subject to the applicable enforcement procedures (exequatur) as set out in the relevant provisions of the Luxembourg New Civil Procedure Code and in Luxembourg case law. Pursuant to Luxembourg case law, the granting of exequatur is subject to the following requirements:

 

·

the judgment of the U.S. court is final and enforceable (exécutoire) in the United States and has not been fully enforced in the United States and/or in any other jurisdiction;

 

·

the U.S. court had full jurisdiction over the subject matter leading to the judgment (that is, its jurisdiction was in compliance both with Luxembourg private international law rules and with the applicable domestic U.S. federal or state jurisdictional rules);

 

·

the U.S. court applied to the dispute the substantive law which is designated by the Luxembourg conflict of laws rules or, at least, such court’s order must not contravene the principles underlying those rules (based on recent case law and legal doctrine, it is not certain that this condition would still be required for an exequatur to be granted by a Luxembourg court);

 

·

the judgment was granted following proceedings where the counterparty had the opportunity to appear and, if it appeared, to present a defense, and the decision of the foreign court must not have been obtained by fraud, but in compliance with the rights of the defendant;

 

·

the U.S. court acted in accordance with its own procedural laws;

 

·

the judgment of the U.S. court does not contradict an already issued judgment of a Luxembourg court, and

 

·

the decisions and the considerations of the U.S. court must not be contrary to Luxembourg international public policy rules (as such term is interpreted under the laws of Luxembourg) or have been given in proceedings of a tax or criminal nature or rendered subsequent to an evasion of Luxembourg law (fraude à la loi). Awards of damages made under civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, or other laws, which are classified by Luxembourg courts as being of a penal or punitive nature (for example, fines or punitive damages), might not be recognized by Luxembourg courts. Ordinarily, an award of monetary damages would not be considered as a penalty, but if the monetary damages include punitive damages, such punitive damages may be considered a penalty and therefore not enforceable in Luxembourg.

 

Similarly, as Alvotech hf., a subsidiary of Alvotech, has significant assets in Iceland, investors may seek to enforce judgments obtained in the United States against Alvotech in Iceland. As there is no treaty in force on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters between the United States and Iceland

other than arbitral awards entered in civil and commercial matters, courts in Iceland will not automatically recognize and enforce a final judgment rendered by a U.S. court. Based on recent Icelandic case law, a valid judgment obtained from a court of competent jurisdiction in the United States will not be directly recognized and enforceable in Iceland. Instead, the judgment creditor would need to issue fresh legal proceedings against the judgment debtor in Iceland in which the U.S. judgment would serve as evidence, in addition to other evidence and legal arguments regarding the merits of the case, which will be adjudicated by the Icelandic courts.

 

If an original action is brought in Luxembourg or Iceland, without prejudice to specific conflict of law rules, Luxembourg courts or Icelandic courts may refuse to apply the designated law (i) if the choice of such foreign law was not made bona fide or (ii) if the foreign law was not pleaded and proved or (iii) if pleaded and proved, such foreign law is contrary to mandatory Luxembourg or Icelandic laws or incompatible with Luxembourg or Icelandic public policy rules. In an action brought in Luxembourg or Iceland on the basis of U.S. federal or state securities laws, Luxembourg courts or Icelandic courts may not have the requisite power to grant the remedies sought. Also, an exequatur may be refused by a Luxembourg court in respect of punitive damages.

 

In practice, Luxembourg courts tend not to review the merits of a foreign judgment, although there is no clear statutory prohibition of such review. A contractual provision allowing the service of process against a party to a service agent could be overridden by Luxembourg or Icelandic statutory provisions allowing the valid serving of process against a party in accordance with applicable laws at the domicile of the party. Further, in the event any proceedings are brought in a Luxembourg court in respect of a monetary obligation payable in a currency other than the Euro, a Luxembourg court would have the power to give judgment as an order to pay the obligation in a currency other than the Euro. However, enforcement of the judgment against any party in Luxembourg would be available only in Euros and, for such purposes, all claims or debts would be converted into Euros. Similarly, in the event any proceedings are brought in an Icelandic court in respect of a monetary obligation payable in a currency other than the Icelandic Krona, an Icelandic court would have the power to give judgment as an order to pay the obligation in a currency other than the Icelandic Krona.

 

In addition, actions brought in a Luxembourg court against Alvotech, the members of our board of directors, our officers, or the experts named herein to enforce liabilities based on U.S. federal securities laws may be subject to certain restrictions. In particular, Luxembourg courts generally do not award punitive damages. Litigation in Luxembourg also is subject to rules of procedure that differ from the U.S. rules, including, with respect to the taking and admissibility of evidence, the conduct of the proceedings and the allocation of costs. Proceedings in Luxembourg would have to be conducted in the French or German language, and all documents submitted to the court would, in principle, have to be translated into French or German. For these reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action in a Luxembourg court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against Alvotech, the members of our board of directors, our officers, or the experts named herein. In addition, even if a judgment against Alvotech, the non-U.S. members of our board of directors, our officers, or the experts named in this Annual Report on Form 20-F based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws is obtained, a U.S. investor may not be able to enforce it in United States or Luxembourg courts.

 

Our directors and officers have entered into, or will enter into, indemnification agreements with Alvotech. Under such agreements, the directors and officers will be entitled to indemnification from Alvotech to the fullest extent permitted by Luxemburg law against liability and expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit, or proceeding in which he or she would be involved by virtue of his or her being or having been a director or officer and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof. Luxembourg law permits us to keep directors indemnified against any expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in connection with liability of a director towards Alvotech or a third-party for management errors i.e., for wrongful acts committed during the execution of the mandate (mandat) granted to the director by Alvotech, except in connection with criminal offenses, gross negligence or fraud. The rights to and obligations of indemnification among or between Alvotech and any of our current or former directors and officers are generally governed by the laws of Luxembourg and subject to the jurisdiction of the Luxembourg courts, unless such rights or obligations do not relate to or arise out of such persons’ capacities listed above. Although there is doubt as to whether U.S. courts would enforce this indemnification provision in an action brought in the United States under U.S. federal or state securities laws, this provision could make it more difficult to obtain judgments outside Luxembourg or from non-Luxembourg jurisdictions that would apply Luxembourg law against our assets in Luxembourg.

Our agent for service of process in the United States is Alvotech USA Inc., 1201 Wilson Blvd., Ste. 2130, Arlington, Virginia 22209.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of our Ordinary Shares has been passed upon by Arendt & Medernach, Luxembourg counsel to Alvotech. We have been advised on U.S. securities matters by Cooley LLP.

 

EXPERTS

 

The financial statements of Alvotech incorporated by reference in this prospectus, have been audited by Deloitte ehf. an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm, given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing. The offices of Deloitte ehf. are located at Smáratorgi 3, 201 Kópavogi, Iceland.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement (including amendments and exhibits to the registration statement) on Form F-3 under the Securities Act with respect to Ordinary Shares offered in this prospectus. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information with respect to us and our securities offered hereby, reference is made to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete, and each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.

 

We are subject to the periodic reporting and other information requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to a “foreign private issuer,” and we will file annual reports and other information from time to time with the SEC in accordance with such requirements. Our SEC filings will be available to the public on the internet at a website maintained by the SEC located at www.sec.gov.

 

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

 

We also maintain an Internet website at www.alvotech.com. We will make available on our website, free of charge, the following documents as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 20-F; our reports on Form 6-K; amendments to these documents; and other information as may be required by the SEC. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus.

 

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

The rules of the SEC allow us to incorporate by reference information into this prospectus. Incorporation by reference allows us to disclose important information to you by referring you to those other documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. Any statement contained in a previously filed document incorporated by reference will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus modifies or replaces that statement.

 

This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below:

 

·

our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023;

 

·

the description of our Ordinary Shares in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on June 13, 2022, which incorporates by reference the description of our Ordinary Shares from our Registration Statement on Form F-4, and any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description; and

 

·

our report on Form 6-K dated April 14, 2023, excluding exhibit 99.1 thereto, our report on Form 6-K dated April 17, 2023, our report on Form 6-K dated May 24, 2023, excluding exhibit 99.1 thereto, our report on Form 6-K dated June 6, 2023, excluding Exhibits 99.1, 99.2 and 99.4 thereto, our report on Form 6-K dated June 29, 2023, excluding Exhibit 99.1 thereto, and Exhibits 99.1, 99.2, 99.3 and 99.4 of our report on Form 6-K dated July 12, 2023.

 

We are also incorporating by reference all subsequent Annual Reports on Form 20-F that we file with the SEC prior to the termination of this offering. We may also incorporate by reference part or all of certain reports on Form

6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus by specifically identifying in such reports on Form 6-K that they, or certain parts of their contents, are being incorporated by reference into this prospectus prior to the termination of the offering of securities under this Registration Statement. Reports on Form 6-K that we furnish to the SEC after the date of this prospectus, or certain parts of their contents, that we do not explicitly identify in such reports on Form 6-K as incorporated by reference into this prospectus, shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

 

Unless expressly incorporated by reference, nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate by reference information furnished to, but not filed with, the SEC. Copies of all documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to those documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in this prospectus, will be provided at no cost to each person, including any beneficial owner, who receives a copy of this prospectus on the written or oral request of that person made to:

 

Alvotech
9, Rue de Bitbourg,
L-1273 Luxembourg,
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
+354 422 4500

 

In addition, copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be accessed at our website at www.alvotech.com. The reference to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on or accessible through our website, and you should not consider the contents of our website in making an investment decision with respect to our securities.

 

You should rely only on information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We are not making offers to sell the securities in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making such offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.

 

Up to 3,664,580 Ordinary Shares Offered by Selling Securityholders

 

PROSPECTUS

 

July 14, 2023

PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 8. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

Article 441-8 of the Luxembourg Company Law provides that the directors shall not incur any personal obligation by reason of the commitments of the company. Article 441-9 of the Luxembourg Company Law provides that the directors, the members of the management committee and the managing executive officer shall be liable to the company in accordance with general law for the execution of the mandate given to them and for any misconduct in the management of the company’s affairs. The directors and members of the management committee shall be jointly and severally liable towards either the company or any third parties for damages resulting from this violation of the Luxembourg Company Law or the company’s articles of association. The directors and members of the management committee shall be discharged from such liability in the case of a violation to which they were not a party provided no misconduct is attributable to them and they have reported such violation, as regards members of the board of directors, to the first general meeting and, as regards members of the management committee, during the first meeting of the board of directors after they had acquired knowledge thereof.

 

Alvotech’s articles of association provide that directors of Alvotech are not held personally liable for the indebtedness or other obligations of Alvotech. As agents of Alvotech, they are responsible for the performance of their duties. Subject to the exceptions and limitations listed in Alvotech’s articles of association and mandatory provisions of law, every person who is, or has been, a director or officer of Alvotech shall be indemnified by Alvotech to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by such person in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his or her being or having been a director or officer of Alvotech, or, at the request of Alvotech, of any other company of which Alvotech is a shareholder or creditor and by which he is not entitled to be indemnified, and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof. The words “claim”, “action”, “suit” or “proceeding” shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil, criminal or otherwise including appeals) actual or threatened and the words “liability” and “expenses” shall include without limitation attorneys’ fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement and other liabilities. However, no indemnification shall be provided to any director or officer of Alvotech (i) against any liability by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office (ii) with respect to any matter as to which he or she shall have been finally adjudicated to have acted in bad faith and not in the interest of Alvotech or (iii) in the event of a settlement, unless the settlement has been approved by a court of competent jurisdiction or by the board of directors of Alvotech.

 

Alvotech’s articles of association provide that the right of indemnification provided by such articles of association shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any director or officer may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained in such articles of association shall affect or limit any rights to indemnification to which corporate personnel, including directors and officers, may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law. Alvotech shall specifically be entitled to provide contractual indemnification to and may purchase and maintain insurance for any corporate personnel, including directors and officers of Alvotech, as Alvotech may decide upon from time to time.

 

In connection with the Business Combination, Alvotech entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers. These agreements provide that Alvotech will indemnify each of its directors and such officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and its articles of association.

 

Alvotech also maintains a general liability insurance policy, which covers certain liabilities of directors and officers of Alvotech arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.

 

Item 9. Exhibits.

 

(a) Exhibits

 

The exhibits filed as part of this registration statement are listed in the index to exhibits immediately following the signature page to this registration statement, which index to exhibits is incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description		Filed Herewith		Incorporated by Reference herein from Form or Schedule		Filing Date		SEC File/ Reg. Number
2.1†		Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2021, by and among Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II, Alvotech Lux Holdings S.A.S., and Alvotech Holdings SA				8-K filed by Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II   (Exhibit 2.1)		December 7, 2021		001-39526
2.2†		First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2021, by and among Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II, Alvotech Lux Holdings S.A.S., and Alvotech Holdings SA, dated April 18, 2022				F-4/A   (Exhibit 2.2)		May 2, 2022		333-261773
2.3†		Second Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2021, by and among Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II, Alvotech Lux Holdings S.A.S., and Alvotech Holdings SA, dated June 7, 2022				8-K filed by Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II   (Exhibit 2.1)		June 7, 2022		001-39526
4.1		Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate				S-1 filed by Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II   (Exhibit 4.2)		August 31, 2020		333-248508
4.2		Amended and restated Convertible Bond Instrument (Tranche A), dated November 16, 2022				6-K   (Exhibit 99.4)		November 17, 2022		001-41421
4.3		Amended and restated Convertible Bond Instrument (Tranche B), dated November 16, 2022				6-K   (Exhibit 99.5)		November 17, 2022		001-41421
4.4		Convertible Bond Instrument by and between Alvotech and the Bondholders named therein, dated November 16, 2022				6-K   (Exhibit 99.9)		November 17, 2022		001-41421
4.5		December 2022 Convertible Bond Instrument (Tranche A) by and between Alvotech and the Bondholders named therein, dated December 20, 2022				20-F   (Exhibit 2.9)		March 1, 2023		001-41421
4.6		December 2022 Convertible Bond Instrument (Tranche B) by and between Alvotech and the Bondholders named therein, dated December 20, 2022				20-F   (Exhibit 2.10)		March 1, 2023		001-41421

Exhibit Number		Exhibit Description		Filed Herewith		Incorporated by Reference herein from Form or Schedule		Filing Date		SEC File/ Reg. Number
5.1		Opinion of Arendt & Medernach.		X
23.1		Consent of Deloitte ehf., independent registered public accounting firm for Alvotech.		X
23.2		Consent of Arendt & Medernach (included in the opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)		X
24.1		Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this registration statement)		X
107		Calculation of Filing Fee Tables		X

 

†	Certain schedules and exhibits to this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Regulation S-K Item 601(b)(2). The Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

 

Item 10. Undertakings.

 

(a) The undersigned hereby undertakes:

 

(1) to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

 

(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) that, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

 

(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act

that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

 

(2) that for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

 

(3) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;

 

(4) to file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by “Item 8.A. of Form 20-F” at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished; provided, that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act or Item 8.A of Form 20-F if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement; and

 

(5) that, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

 

(i) if the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:

 

(A) each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

 

(B) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

 

(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

 

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

 

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

 

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg on July 14, 2023

 

	ALVOTECH
	By:		/s/ Robert Wessman
	Name:		Robert Wessman
	Title:		Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

Each of the undersigned individuals hereby severally constitutes and appoints each of Robert Wessman, Joel Morales and Helga Tatjana Zharov as the attorneys-in-fact for the undersigned, in any and all capacities, with full power of substitution, to sign on such person’s behalf, individually and in each capacity stated below, any and all amendments to this registration statement, and any subsequent registration statement filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, and to file or cause to be filed the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, and each of them, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature		Capacity		Date
/s/ Robert Wessman Robert Wessman		Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman of the Board (principal executive officer)		July 14, 2023
/s/ Joel Morales Joel Morales		Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)		July 14, 2023
/s/ Richard Davies Richard Davies		Deputy Chairman of the Board		July 14, 2023
Tomas Ekman		Director		July 14, 2023
/s/ Faysal Kalmoua Faysal Kalmoua		Director		July 14, 2023
/s/ Ann Merchant Ann Merchant		Director		July 14, 2023
/s/ Arni Hardarson Arni Hardarson		Director		July 14, 2023
/s/ Lisa Graver Lisa Graver		Director		July 14, 2023
/s/ Linda McGoldrick Linda McGoldrick		Director		July 14, 2023

AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement on Form F-3 has been signed on behalf of the registrant by the undersigned, solely in his capacity as the duly authorized representative of the registrant in the United States, on July 14, 2023.

 

	ALVOTECH USA INC.
	By:		/s/ Joel Morales
	Name:		Joel Morales

	Exhibit 5.1
	To Alvotech 9, rue de Bitbourg, L - 1273 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (the “Company”)   Luxembourg, 14 July, 2023

 

AO/YBA – 016843-70016.3939019v7

 

Alvotech – Registration Statement F-3

 

Dear Madam, dear Sir,

 

We have acted as Luxembourg legal advisers to Alvotech, a company existing under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg as a société anonyme (formerly a société par actions simplifiée), with its registered office at 9, rue de Bitbourg, L-1273 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, and registered with the Luxembourg Register of Commerce and Companies (Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés à Luxembourg) (the “RCS”) under number B 258884 in connection with the filing of a Registration Statement on Form F-3 (the “Registration Statement”) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, relating to the offer and sale from time to time, of up to 3,664,580 new ordinary shares of the Company (the “Warrant Shares”) upon the exercise by bondholders, or their permitted transferees (collectively, the “Bondholders”), of warrants to subscribe for Warrant Shares at an exercise price of $0.01 per Warrant Share issued on 31 December 2022 (the “Bondholder Warrants”).

 

1.	Scope
1.1.	In arriving to the opinions expressed below, we have examined and relied exclusively on the documents (the “Documents”) identified in Appendix A hereto.
1.2.	We express no opinion with respect to any laws, rules or regulations other than Luxembourg law. We express no opinion (a) on public international law or on the rules promulgated under any treaty or by any treaty organisation or on any accounting, criminal, data protection or tax laws, rules or regulations of any jurisdiction (including Luxembourg) or (b) with respect to the effect of any laws, rules or regulations other than Luxembourg law even in cases where, under Luxembourg law, a foreign law, rule or regulation should be applied, and we therefore assume that no provisions of any foreign laws, rules or regulations affect, qualify or have any bearing on this Opinion.
1.3.	A reference to a convention, law, rule or regulation in this Opinion is to be construed as a reference to such convention, law, rule or regulation as amended or re-enacted.

2.	Assumptions
For the purpose of this Opinion, we have assumed, and we have not verified independently:
2.1.	that each signature (whether manuscript or electronic) is the genuine signature of the individual concerned and was affixed or inserted by such individual concerned or authorized to be inserted in the relevant document by the individual concerned;
2.2.	the completeness and conformity to originals of all Documents supplied to us as drafts, certified, photostatic, scanned, electronically transmitted copies or other copies of the documents reviewed and the authenticity of the originals of such documents and the conformity to originals of the latest drafts reviewed by us and the completeness and correctness of the representations and statements made therein;
2.3.	that there have been no amendments to the Documents in the form delivered to us for the purpose of this Opinion, and there will be none prior to their execution to the extent provided in draft form, which would have a bearing on the present opinion;
2.4.	that there is no other resolution, decision, agreement or undertaking and no other arrangement (whether legally binding or not) which renders any of the Documents or information reviewed or provided to us inaccurate, incomplete or misleading or which affects the conclusions stated in this Opinion and that the Documents reviewed accurately record the whole of the terms agreed between the parties thereto relevant to this Opinion, and the information therein is true and correct as of the date hereof;
2.5.	that only Treasury Shares will be used to deliver the Warrant Shares upon an exercise of the Bondholder Warrants by the Bondholders;
2.6.	that the Company will take all necessary steps and comply with applicable requirements at the time to give full effect to the issuance of Warrant Shares in accordance with the Warrant Agreement and Luxembourg law;
2.7.	that all conditions precedent in the Documents for the transactions contemplated are or will be satisfied prior to the issuance of Warrant Shares, as applicable, in accordance with the Registration Statement filed by the Company;
2.8.	that all approvals, authorisations, clearances, consents, filings or licenses, orders or registrations required from any governmental, public, regulatory or other agencies, authorities, bodies or other persons outside Luxembourg have been obtained or fulfilled and are and will remain in full force and effect; that all steps outside Luxembourg and requirements outside Luxembourg affecting the legality, validity, binding effect and enforceability of the Documents (and the transactions contemplated therein) and that all conditions to which the transactions under the Documents are subject have been satisfied or, in case of the Warrant Shares, will be satisfied prior to the issuance of Warrant Shares;
2.9.	the existence, capacity, power and authority of each of the parties to the Documents (other than the Company) to enter into the Documents to which it is a party and perform its obligations under

	those Documents and that each individual purporting to have signed the Documents has in fact signed the Documents and had legal capacity when he or she signed and each individual intended to sign the Documents will in fact sign the Documents and will have legal capacity when he or she signs;
2.10.	that there will be no amendment to the authorised share capital of the Company or the warrant terms and conditions which would adversely affect the issue of the Warrant Shares and the conclusions stated in this Opinion;
2.11.	that the Warrant Shares will not be offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market in circumstances where the obligation arises to publish a prospectus in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market, as amended and/or the Luxembourg law of 16 July 2019 relating to prospectuses for securities, as amended (without prejudice to applicable securities laws in any jurisdiction other than Luxembourg where the Warrant Shares have been or will be marketed, offered or sold);
2.12.	that the Warrant Shares will be issued in registered form (actions nominatives);
2.13.	that any stabilisation measures or other transactions with a view to supporting the market price of the Warrant Shares will only be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (“Market Abuse Regulation”) in conjunction with the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1052 of 8 March 2016 supplementing the Market Abuse Regulation with regard to regulatory technical standards for the conditions applicable to buy-back programs and stabilisation measures, without prejudice to applicable securities laws in jurisdictions other than Luxembourg where the Warrant Shares are listed and admitted to trading;
2.14.	that the entry into the Documents and the performance of any rights and obligations under the Documents are in the best corporate interests (intérêt social) of the Company and that the head office (administration centrale), the place of effective management (siege de direction effective), and, for the purposes of the regulation (EU) 2015/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (recast), the center of main interests (centre des intérêts principaux) of the Company is located at the place of their registered office (siege statutaire) in Luxembourg.
3.	Opinions
This Opinion is given on the basis that it is governed by and construed in accordance with Luxembourg law only and is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Luxembourg. We express no opinion on accounting, economic, financial, monetary, policy and tax aspects. On the basis of the assumptions set out above and subject to the qualifications set out below and to any factual matters, documents or events not disclosed to us, we are of the opinion that:
3.1.	The Company is a public limited company (société anonyme) and has been incorporated for an unlimited duration and is validly existing under the laws of Luxembourg.

3.2.

Upon exercise of the Bondholder Warrants by the Bondholders and subject to the satisfaction of all the requirements and formalities set out in the Company’s articles of association, Luxembourg law and the terms and conditions of the Bondholder Warrants, the Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid up and non-assessable (meaning that the holder of such Warrant Shares shall not be liable, solely because of his/her/its shareholder status, for additional payments to the Company or the Company’s creditors).

 

4.	Qualifications
The opinions expressed in this Opinion are subject to the following qualifications:
4.1.	Luxembourg legal concepts are expressed in English terms and not in their original French terms. The concepts in question may not be identical to the concepts described by the same English terms as they exist in the laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions;
4.2.	the opinions set out in this Opinion are subject to all limitations by reason of national or foreign administration, bankruptcy, concordat préventif de la faillite, controlled management, fraudulent conveyance, general settlement with creditors, gestion contrôlée, faillite, insolvency, liquidation, moratorium, receivership, reorganisation, sursis de paiement, suspension of payment, voluntary arrangement with creditors, winding-up or similar orders or proceedings affecting the rights of creditors generally;
4.3.	deeds (actes) or extracts of deeds (extraits d’actes) and other indications relating to the Company and which, under Luxembourg law, must be published on the RESA (as defined below) (and which mainly concern acts relating to the incorporation, the formation, the functioning, the appointment of managers or directors and the liquidation of the relevant company as well as amendments, if any, to the articles of association) will only be enforceable against third parties after they have been published on the RESA except where the Company proves that such third parties had previous knowledge of the deeds or extracts of deeds. Third parties may rely on deeds or extracts of deeds prior to their publication. For the fifteen days following the publication, the deeds or extracts of deeds will not be enforceable against third parties who prove that it was impossible for them to have had knowledge of the deeds or extracts of deeds within that time;
4.4.	the opinions set out in this Opinion are limited to the laws, including the rules and regulations, as in effect on the date of this Opinion.
5.	Reliance
5.1.	This Opinion is issued solely for the purposes of the filing of the Registration Statement and the issuance of the Warrant Shares.
5.2.	It may not be used, circulated, quoted, referred to or relied upon for any other purpose without our written consent. We hereby consent to filing of this Opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. This Opinion is strictly limited to the matters stated in it and is given on the date set out on page 1; we have no obligation to update the Opinion or inform of any changes in law following such date.

5.3.	This Opinion is issued by and signed on behalf of Arendt & Medernach SA, admitted to practice in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg and registered on list V of the lawyers of the Luxembourg bar association.

 

Yours faithfully,

By and on behalf of Arendt & Medernach SA

/s/ Alexander Olliges

Alexander Olliges

Partner

APPENDIX A – DOCUMENTS

 

1.	A scanned copy of the signed Luxembourg law governed warrant agreement dated 31 December 2022 and entered into between the Company and the bondholders set forth in Annex 3 of such agreement (the “Warrant Agreement”).
2.	A scanned copy of the draft Registration Statement received on 14 July 2023.
3.	A scanned copy of the consolidated articles of association of the Company dated 6 June 2023 (the “Articles”).
4.	An extract dated 14 July 2023 and issued in electronic form by the RCS in respect of the Company.
5.	A certificate of non-registration of a judicial decision (certificat de non-inscription d’une décision judiciaire) dated 14 July 2023 and issued in electronic form by the RCS in respect of the Company.
6.	A scanned copy of the signed minutes of the meeting of the board of directors of the Company held on 14 December 2022 approving, inter alia, the issuance of the Bondholder Warrants.
7.	The signed register of warrant holders relating to the Bondholder Warrants.
8.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC, dated 31 December 2022.
9.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Sculptor SC, II LP, dated 31 December 2022.
10.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Sculptor Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd (Cayman), dated 31 December 2022.
11.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Sculptor Master Fund, ltd (Cayman), dated 31 December 2022.
12.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and ATP Holdings ehf, dated 31 December 2022.
13.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Mercer QIF Fund Public Limited Company – Mercer Investment Fund I, dated 31 December 2022.
14.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Elva Funding II DAC, Series 2019-1, dated 31 December 2022.
15.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Crown Managed Accounts SPC – Crown Lodbrock Segregated Portfolio, dated 31 December 2022.

16.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Kapitalforeningen Investin Pro – Lodbrock Select Opportunities, dated 31 December 2022.
17.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Lodbrock European Credit Opportunities S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
18.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Lodbrock European Special Situations & Disclosed Credit Opportunities S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
19.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and OCM Strategic Credit Investments S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
20.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and OCM Luxembourg SC Fund B S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
21.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and OCM Luxembourg SC Fund A S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
22.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Oaktree Strategic Income II, Inc., dated 31 December 2022.
23.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and OCM Strategic Credit Investments 2 S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
24.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation, dated 31 December 2022.
25.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Oaktree Gilead Investment Fund AIF (Delaware), L.P., dated 31 December 2022.
26.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and OCM Strategic Credit Investments 3 S.à r.l., dated 31 December 2022.
27.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Oaktree Huntington-GCFInvestment Fund (direct Lending AIF), L.P., dated 31 December 2022.
28.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Oaktree GCP Fund Delaware Holdings L.P., dated 31 December 2022.
29.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form between the Company and Villafranca Holdings, LLC, dated 31 December 2022.
30.	A scanned copy of the signed minutes of the resolution of the board of directors of the Company dated June 23, 2022.
31.	A scanned copy of the notarial deed of acknowledgement of capital increase by an amount of two million seven hundred seven thousand two hundred sixteen US dollars and seventy-two cents

	(USD 2,707,216.72) through the issuand of twenty-seven million seventy-two thousand one hundred and sixty-seven (27,072,167) shares (the “Initial Treasury Shares”) dated July 4, 2022.
32.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form signed by Alvotech Manco ehf. dated July 4, 2022.
33.	A scanned copy of the signed minutes of the meeting of the board of directors of the Company dated March 1, 2023.
34.	A scanned copy of the signed decision of the delegates appointed by the board of directors of the Company dated March 28, 2023
35.	A scanned copy of the notarial deed of acknowledgement of capital increase by an amount of one hundred forty thousand fifty-seven Us dollars and ninety cents (USD 140,057.90) through the issuand of fourteen million five thousand seven hundred ninety (14,005,790) shares (the “Subsequent Treasury Shares” and, together with the Initial Treasury Shares, the “Treasury Shares”) dated March 28, 2023.
36.	A scanned copy of the signed subscription form signed by Alvotech Manco ehf. dated March 28, 2023.
37.	A scanned copy of the signed confirmation certificate of the delegates appointed by the board of directors dated March 28, 2023.

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-3 of our report dated March 1, 2023 relating to the financial statements of Alvotech, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Alvotech for the year ended December 31, 2022. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.

 

/s/ Deloitte ehf.

 

Kópavogur, Iceland

 

 

July 14, 2023

 

Exhibit 107

Calculation of Filing Fee Table

Form F-3

(Form Type)

Alvotech

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Table 1: Newly Registered Securities

 

	Security Type		Security Class Title		Fee Calculation Rule		Amount Registered(1)		Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit		Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price		Fee Rate		Amount of Registration Fee
	Equity		Ordinary shares, nominal value $0.01 per ordinary share		457(c)		3,664,580 (2)		$8.86(3)		$32,468,178.8(3)		$0.00011020		$3,577.99
Total Offering Amount											$32,468,178.8				$3,577.99
Total Fees Previously Paid															—
Total Fee Offsets															—
Net Fee Due															$3,577.99

 

(1)

Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Alvotech (the “Registrant”) is also registering an indeterminate number of additional ordinary shares, nominal value $0.01 per ordinary share, of the Registrant (“Ordinary Shares”) that may become issuable as a result of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction.

 

(2)	Represents 3,664,580 Ordinary Shares registered for resale by the Selling Securityholders.

 

(3)

Pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act, and solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, the proposed maximum offering price is calculated as the product of 3,664,580 Ordinary Shares and $8.86, which is the average of the high and low trading prices of the Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq Global Market, on July 12, 2023.